Chapter Four Ethical Public Speaking

Chapter Three Table of Contents zEthical Speaking and Responsibility zValues: The Foundation of Ethical Speaking zGround Rules for Ethical Speaking zPlagiarism

Ethical Speaking and Responsibility zEthics: study of moral conduct, or how people should act toward one another zIn public speaking, the responsibilities speakers have toward their audience and themselves

Ethical Speaking and Responsibility zEthics, Ethos, and Speaker Credibility zFree Speech and the Speaker’s Responsibility

Ethical Speaking and Responsibility: Ethics, Ethos, and Speaker Credibility zEthos : a Greek word meaning character zPositive Ethos includes competence, good moral character, goodwill

Ethical Speaking and Responsibility: Ethics, Ethos, and Speaker Credibility Speaker credibility yBelievability of speaker ySound reasoning skills yHonesty yGenuine interest in the welfare of their listeners

Ethical Speaking and Responsibility: Free Speech and the Speaker’s Responsibility zThe First Amendment guarantees freedom of speech. zFighting words often provoke people to violence and are not protected under free speech.

Values: The Foundation of Ethical Speaking zValues: people’s judgments of what’s good, bad, and important zThey are culturally determined by family, schools, and religious organizations.

Values: The Foundation of Ethical Speaking zValue Conflicts and Ethical Dilemmas zRecognizing and Respecting Listener’s Values

Values: The Foundation of Ethical Speaking: Value Conflicts and Ethical Dilemmas zThe more diverse the society, the greater these clashes tend to be. zRecognizing audience values is very important for a speaker.

Values: The Foundation of Ethical Speaking: Recognizing and Respecting Listeners’ Values Identify your listeners’ values, attitudes, and beliefs to the topic and the occasion. yUse surveys and interviews yUse Milton Rokeach’s model to conduct a values assessment

Values: The Foundation of Ethical Speaking: Respecting Listeners’ Values Milton Rokeach’s model z Terminal values yDesirable in themselves z Instrumental values yCharacteristics people possess.

Ground Rules for Ethical Speaking zDignity : feeling worthy, honored, or respected zIntegrity: incorruptibility zDignity and integrity should infuse every aspect of a speech.

Ground Rules for Ethical Speaking zTrustworthiness zRespect zResponsibility zFairness

Ground Rules For Ethical Speaking: Trustworthiness zTrustworthiness: a combination of honesty and dependability xReveal your true purpose. xAvoid misleading, deceptive, or false information. xAcknowledge sources.

Ground Rules For Ethical Speaking: Respect zRespect: addressing audience members as unique human beings yFocuses on issues yAllows the audience the power of rational choice. yAvoids in-group and out-group distinctions.

Ground Rules For Ethical Speaking: Respect zStereotypes : generalizations about an apparent characteristic of a group that are applied to all its members zHate Speech: offensive communication directed against people’s racial, ethnic, religious, gender, sexual, or other characteristics

Ground Rules For Ethical Speaking: Responsibility The responsible speaker considers the following: yTopic and purpose yEvidence and reasoning yAccuracy yHonest use of emotional appeals

Ground Rules For Ethical Speaking: Fairness zFairness: a genuine and open-minded attempt to see all sides of an issue

Plagiarism zPlagiarism: the use of other people’s ideas or words without acknowledging the source zAny source that requires credit in written form should be acknowledged in oral form.

Plagiarism zDirect Quotations zParaphrased Information

Plagiarism: Direct Quotations zDirect quotations: statements made verbatim (word for word) by someone else

Plagiarism: Paraphrased Information zParaphrase : a restatement of someone else’s statements, ideas, or written work in the speaker’s own words

Plagiarism: Paraphrased Information zAny data other than that gathered by you should be cited.