© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 8e English Skills with Readings, 6e Chapter Seven Introduction to Paragraph Development

Chapter 7 © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 8e English Skills with Readings, 6e Patterns of Development Description Description Narration Narration Exposition Exposition Argumentation Argumentation

Chapter 7 © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 8e English Skills with Readings, 6e Description Description verbal picture Description is a verbal picture of a person, place, or thing.

Chapter 7 © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 8e English Skills with Readings, 6e Narration Narration account of something that happened Narration is an account of something that happened.

Chapter 7 © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 8e English Skills with Readings, 6e Exposition Examples Examples Process Process Cause and effect Cause and effect exposition explains In exposition, the writer explains a certain subject. Patterns of exposition include: Comparison and contrast Comparison and contrast Definition Definition Division and classification Division and classification

Chapter 7 © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 8e English Skills with Readings, 6e Argumentation argumentation, In argumentation, a writer attempts to supporta controversial point, support a controversial point, or defenda position defend a position on which there is difference of opinion.

Chapter 7 © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 8e English Skills with Readings, 6e Two Points to Remember predominant pattern more than one pattern 1) While many paragraphs involve one predominant pattern, most make use of more than one pattern. argumentation 2) Most paragraphs involve some form of argumentation ; that is, they attempt to convince the reader that a point is valid.

Chapter 7 © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 8e English Skills with Readings, 6e Important Considerations in Paragraph Development subjectKnowing your subject purposeaudienceKnowing your purpose and audience point of viewDetermining your point of view peer reviewUsing peer review personal reviewDoing a personal review computer Using a computer

Chapter 7 © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 8e English Skills with Readings, 6e Subject of the Paper interests know something Try to write on something that interests you -- if possible, make it a subject you already know something about.

Chapter 7 © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 8e English Skills with Readings, 6e Purpose purposes Most writing has one of three purposes : to inform, to inform, to persuade, or to persuade, or to entertain. to entertain. audience In order to achieve your purpose, you will need to know your audience.

Chapter 7 © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 8e English Skills with Readings, 6e Audience general audience educated adult readers Your instructor and classmates stand in for a general audience : educated adult readers. specific audiences You will need to practice writing for more specific audiences, as well – an employer, a church group, the City Council, etc.

Chapter 7 © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 8e English Skills with Readings, 6e Point of View 1) First-person approach I like comfort when I’m camping 1) First-person approach ( I like comfort when I’m camping.) Most common in narrative writing. 2) Second-person approach First, find your flashlight 2) Second-person approach ( First, find your flashlight.) Generally appropriate only for giving instructions and direct explanations, as in process writing. 3) Third-person approach The camper found his flashlight. 3) Third-person approach ( The camper found his flashlight.) Most common in academic writing.

Chapter 7 © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 8e English Skills with Readings, 6e Peer Review 1) Identification 1) Identification : On a sheet of paper, write the author’s name and the title of the paper you read. 2) Scratch Outline 2) Scratch Outline : “X-ray” the paper for its inner logic by making a scratch outline. 3) Comments “snag”?Where did the paper “snag”? Suggest ways to fix problems. support, unity organizationAre there problems with support, unity, or organization ? Try to help. likedNote something you really liked about the paper.

Chapter 7 © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 8e English Skills with Readings, 6e Personal Review personal review Follow these steps to practice your personal review :, evaluate unity, support, organization. 1)While you write and revise, evaluate for unity, support, and organization. sentence skills. 2)After you’ve finished the next-to-last draft, check it for sentence skills.

Chapter 7 © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 8e English Skills with Readings, 6e Some Tips on Writing with a Computer Save Save your work frequently. Keep backup disk. Keep a backup disk. Print Print out your work at the end of every session. Copy Copy your file before making major changes – you might want to go back to the original!