1 Societal and Individual Impacts  Future Interfaces  New devices: portable, inexpensive, small, wearable, mobile, personal, robotic, engulfed  Context-aware devices  Perceive user needs Small medical sensors that monitor health Hidden detectors that protect from dangers  Visual, aural, tactile, gestural interaction  Universal usability to facilitate Voting Crime reporting  Biometric identification to reduce the chance of terrorism

2 Societal and Individual Impacts  Schneiderman’s Ten Plagues of the Information Age  Anxiety: overcoming fear of technology  Alienation: less direct connection with others  Information-poor minority: affordable technology for all  Impotence of the individual: lack of receiving assistance from an individual  Bewildering complexity and speed  Organizational fragility: over-dependence on technology  Invasion of privacy  Unemployment and displacement  Lack of professional responsibility: organizations responding impersonally and denying responsibility for issues (e.g., blame it on the computer)  Deteriorating image of people

3 Societal and Individual Impacts

4  Strategies for preventing the plagues  Human-centered participatory design: include users in the design process  Organizational support: user support with interviews and focus groups  Job design: avoiding the electronic sweatshop  Education: continuing education and on-the-job training  Feedback and Rewards: reward users for detecting problems, and provide feedback on the problem resolution  Legislation: laws related to privacy, rights of access and computer crime

5 Societal and Individual Impacts  The birth of the Internet  ARPANet (Advanced Research Projects Agency)  Packet switching ~ 1971

6 Societal and Individual Impacts  But who is responsible for me being able to use my PC to getting any information I want over the internet?

7 Societal and Individual Impacts  Who invented the internet?  J. C. R. Licklider – A Psychologist  BA in physics, math and psychology  MA in psychology  PhD in psychoacoustics  MIT associate professor established a psychology program for engineering students  Head of the Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO) at ARPA (the birthplace of the internet)  Received the Franklin V. Taylor Award from the Society of Engineering Psychologists

8 Societal and Individual Impacts  Who invented the internet direct manipulation interface?  Robert Taylor – A Psychologist  Degree in experimental psychology  Brain research and the auditory nervous system  Director of ARPA's Information Processing Techniques Office  Founder and later manager of Xerox PARC's CD Lab (precursor to the Mac)  Awarded the National Medal of Technology and Innovation  "The Internet is not about technology; it's about communication. The Internet connects people who have shared interests, ideas and needs, regardless of geography."

9 Societal and Individual Impacts  Licklider and Taylor’s ideas contribution to the development of the Internet  They foresaw the need for networked computers with easy UIs  Their ideas foretold  graphical computing  point-and-click interfaces  digital libraries  e-commerce  online banking  Man-Computer Symbiosis

10 Societal and Individual Impacts  Licklider & Taylor - Man-Computer Symbiosis  Man-Computer Symbiosis (1960)  Specified the need for simpler interaction between computers and users  Vision: "Men will set the goals, formulate the hypotheses, determine the criteria, and perform the evaluations.”  Computing machines will do the routinizable work that must be done to prepare the way for insights and decisions in technical and scientific thinking."

11 Societal and Individual Impacts  Global computer network  "Intergalactic Computer Network" concept (1962)  These ideas contained almost everything that the Internet is today  “It seems reasonable to envision, for a time 10 or 15 years hence, a 'thinking center' that will incorporate the functions of present-day libraries together with anticipated advances in information storage and retrieval. The picture readily enlarges itself into a network of such centers, connected to one another by wide-band communication lines and to individual users by leased-wire services.”  The Computer as a Communication Device (1968)

12 Societal and Individual Impacts  From The Computer as a Communication Device (1968)  Access to information while viewing a presentation

13 Societal and Individual Impacts  From The Computer as a Communication Device (1968)  Vision of ?  Vision of eHarmony? “The most compelling reason for most people to buy a computer for the home will be to link it to a nationwide communications network. We’re just in the beginning stages of what will be a truly remarkable breakthrough for most people––as remarkable as the telephone.” [Steve Jobs in Playboy, Feb. 1, 1985] 17 years after the paper

14 Societal and Individual Impacts  From The Computer as a Communication Device (1968)  Vision of Texting?

15 Societal and Individual Impacts  From The Computer as a Communication Device (1968)  Vision or Spam?

16 Societal and Individual Impacts  From The Computer as a Communication Device (1968)  Vision IM Blocking?

17 Societal and Individual Impacts In the near future everything is connected…  Smart Phones  Smart Homes  Smart Cars  Smart Retail v=AXAK6y2QAm4

18 Societal and Individual Impacts And then comes…  Gesture Free  Context-Aware Computing  Ubiquitous Computing  Cloud Computing v=DTiYDulcXMA =gCuPx9shWT0 s6hVEJqAwww.youtube.com/watch?v=kM9 s6hVEJqA ?v=Cvb- QABLSxg&list=PL3D FB3988&index=3www.youtube.com/watch ?v=Cvb- QABLSxg&list=PL3D FB3988&index=3 ?v=CbGw1fX9tMkwww.youtube.com/watch ?v=CbGw1fX9tMk

19 Societal and Individual Impacts Cloud Based Healthcare  Your doctor draws blood and tissue  Sends the information to a medical Big Data center  In seconds, sequences your entire genome and, maps how the proteins and the cells in your body are translating your specific DNA mutation into tumor cells.  Your doctor then accesses a secure global “bank” of cancer DNA and tissue, and develops an individual cocktail for you, administering it with precise nanotechnology.  You recover at home, monitored by high-information devices connected through transmitters to your doctor and clinic 013/12/01/patrick-soon- shiong_n_ html

20 Societal and Individual Impacts “The problem is I’m older now, I’m 40 years old, and this stuff doesn’t change the world. It really doesn’t. We’re born, we live for a brief instant, and we die. It’s been happening for a long time.” -- Steve Jobs

21 Societal and Individual Impacts  Autonomous Vehicles   Valet Parking  Fully autonomous vehicle by 2020  Safety – Zero Fatalities  Tug of the steering wheel alerts driver  Vibrating seat alerts driver  Super Urbanization  Police and Lawyers

22 Societal and Individual Impacts “The most exciting breakthroughs of the 21st century will not occur because of technology but because of an expanding concept of what it means to be human” -- John Naisbitt  “The World in 2030" by Dr. Michio Kaku 6MY

23 Societal and Individual Impacts  “Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. [Stanford commencement speech, June 2005] -- Steve Jobs ure/6-things-apple-did-not-invent/ ~westerma/About_Wayne. html