Atoms, Matter & Molecules Science for 4th & 5th Grade!

Observations Direct evidence obtained through use of the senses.

Inference A hypothesis, drawn from observations, that attempts to explain or to make sense of the observations

ATOM The smallest particle into which an element may be divided and still be the same substance.

ATOM The smallest part you can break Hydrogen (an element) into and still have Hydrogen.

Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space. Energy is NOT matter

Matter is divided into 4 components: Elements Compounds Mixtures Solutions

ELEMENT All elements are on the Periodic Table All matter is made of an element or a combination of elements Hydrogen, Oxygen, Gold A substance that consists of only one kind of atom and that cannot be chemically separated into other substances.

Elements: zE l e m e n t s c a n n o t b e c h a n g e d i n t o s i m p l e r s u b s t a n c e s b y a n y c h e m i c a l p r o c e s s. zE l e m e n t s a r e m a d e u p o f a t o m s.

simplest kind of matter Cannot be broken down into simpler Cannot be broken down into simpler All one kind of atom. All one kind of atom. There are 109 of these known to man There are 109 of these known to man Elements:

T y p e s o f m a t t e r C o m p o u n d s - P u r e s u b s t a n c e s m a d e u p o f m o r e t h a n o n e e l e m e n t.

substances that can be broken down by chemical methods substances that can be broken down by chemical methods When they are broken down, the pieces have completely different properties than the compound. When they are broken down, the pieces have completely different properties than the compound. Made of molecules- two or more atoms Made of molecules- two or more atoms Compounds:

Compounds: They are pure substances put together by chemically combining elements Not all combinations of elements are compounds though– some can be mixtures!

So remember… ELEMENTS contain only one kind of atom There are 109 different kinds of elements = atomic # of the elements.

Solutions: S o l u t i o n s - A s p e c i a l m i x t u r e f o r m e d w h e n o n e s u b s t a n c e d i s s o l v e s i n a n o t h e r.

Solutions: S o l v e n t - t h e m o s t a b u n d a n t s u b s t a n c e i n t h e s o l u t i o n. S o l u t e - t h e l e a s t a b u n d a n t s u b s t a n c e i n t h e s o l u t i o n.

A l l s o l u t i o n s a r e n o t l i q u i d s : A i r i s a s o l u t i o n o f g a s e s. S t e e l i s a s o l u t i o n o f m e t a l s.

Solutions Homogeneous mixture Homogeneous mixture Mixed molecule by molecule Mixed molecule by molecule Can occur between any state of matter. Can occur between any state of matter. Solid in liquid- Kool-aid Solid in liquid- Kool-aid Liquid in liquid- antifreeze Liquid in liquid- antifreeze Gas in gas- air Gas in gas- air Solid in solid - brass Solid in solid - brass Liquid in gas- water vapor Liquid in gas- water vapor

Solutions Like all mixtures, they keep the properties of the components. Like all mixtures, they keep the properties of the components. Can be separated by physical means Can be separated by physical means Do not scatter light! Do not scatter light! Not easily separated- Not easily separated- but can be separated. but can be separated.

Two techniques for separating solutions: #1. Evaporation: changing from a liquid to vapor state– leaves behind the other component.

#2. Distillation: Process used to drive vapor from liquid by heating Great for separating two or more liquids which have different boiling points.

MIXTURE Matter that can be physically separated into component parts It is two or more kinds of matter that have separate identities because of their different properties.

When different parts of a mixture can no longer be separated into simpler substances, we call each component a PURE SUBSTANCE

There are two types of mixtures: Heterogeneous- mixture is not the same from place to place. Heterogeneous- mixture is not the same from place to place. Chocolate chip cookie, gravel, soil. Chocolate chip cookie, gravel, soil. Homogeneous- same composition throughout. Homogeneous- same composition throughout. Kool-aid, air. Kool-aid, air. Every part keeps its properties.Every part keeps its properties.

Mixtures: Matter that consists of two or more substances mixed together: but not chemically combined or bonded. Examples: concrete, Sea Water, a bag full of different colored marbles..

There are 2 types of Mixtures Heterogeneous Mixture: a mixture that does not appear the same throughout. (the individual substances are visible). Ex. Soil, Raisin Brand, Chicken Noodle Soup. Homogeneous Mixture: a mixture that appears uniform throughout. (well mixed). Ex. Stainless Steel (Cr, Fe),

T y p e s o f m a t t e r P r o p e r t i e s o f M i x t u r e s : E a c h s u b s t a n c e r e t a i n s i t s o w n p r o p e r t i e s. S u b s t a n c e s c a n b e p r e s e n t i n a n y a m o u n t. S u b s t a n c e s c a n b e s e p a r a t e d b y s i m p l e p h y s i c a l m e a n s.

Which is it? Element

Which is it? COMPOUND zWater is a compound formed from two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom chemically combined. H 2 0

Which is it? MIXTURE

Decide if the substance is an E l e m e n t, c o mp o u n d, m i x t u r e, o r s o l u t i o n? 1. Water 2. Salt 3. Oxygen 4. Dirt 5. Air 1. Compound 2. Compound 3. Element 4. Mixture 5. Solution Click Mouse button to see answers!

Decide if the substance is an E l e m e n t, c o mp o u n d, m i x t u r e, o r s o l u t i o n? 6. Copper 7. Coke 8. Steel 9. Rain 10. Ice-cream 6. Element 7. Solution/Mixture 8. Solution 9. Mixture 10. Mixture Click Mouse button to see answers!

What about MOLECULES? These are MULTI-ATOM particles They are the smallest particle of a substance that still retains the properties of that substance and is composed of 2 or more atoms.

MOLECULE Particle of matter that is made up of two or more atoms.

MOLECULE The smallest part you can break water (a compound) into and still have water.

Particle Charge Location Mass Proton + nucleus heavy Neutron 0 nucleus heavy Electron - energy levels very light

Atomic Number The number of protons in the nucleus 17 Cl Chlorine

Atomic Mass The number of protons PLUS the number of neutrons 17 Cl Chlorine

Atomic Number: 17 Number of Protons: 17 Number of Electrons: 17 Atomic Mass: 35 Number of Neutrons: Cl Chlorine

17 p+ 18 n 0