Notes SPI Elements and Compounds What Is An Element?  Each individual element is a unique particle called an atom  So in other words… elements are the different types of atoms  An element is a pure substance that CANNOT be broken down into a simpler substance by CHEMICAL means.  In other words…you CANNOT change one element into a different element with a chemical reaction Example Lithium is an element. Here is one lithium atom. 3 Li Lithium 6.9 Science

Examples of Elements Notes SPI Elements and Compounds Science H Na Ca -represents one sodium atom -represents one hydrogen atom -represents one calcium atom The element hydrogen The element sodium The element calcium More About Elements  The chemical symbols for elements always start with one capital letter  These chemical symbols can be followed by one (or more) lower case letters Ex: B, C, N, O, F, etc Ex: He, Li, Be, Mg, etc

Sodium and Chlorine Carbon and Oxygen Carbon, Hydrogen, & Oxygen Notes SPI Elements and Compounds Science NaCl CO 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 (Sodium Chloride (Carbon Dioxide) (Glucose) What Is a Compound? …… consists of two or more different elements that are chemically bonded via a chemical reaction to form a new substance.  The properties of the new substance are different from the substances that you started with. Examples of Compounds

…note that it has more than 1 capital letter Notes SPI Elements and Compounds Science Examples of Compounds H2O H2O C 12 H 22 O 11 CH 3 COOH  Chemical formulas for compounds always contain more than one capital letter. This is the compound called water This is the acidic compound called vinegar This the compound called table sugar  This is how you can tell the difference between an element and a compound… count the number of capital letters! More About Compounds

 When you combine two or more substances together, if no chemical reaction occurs, then it is called a mixture. Notes SPI Mixtures or Compounds  Any changes you observe in a mixture are only physical changes… no new substances are formed. Science  …consists of two or more different elements that are chemically bonded in a chemical reaction to form a new substance.  Mixtures can be fairly easily separated back into their parts What is a Mixture? AirSteelSalt WaterBlood Mixture Examples:  Compounds CAN NOT be easily separated back into their parts Milk What is a Compound? Compound Examples: NaCl CO 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 H2OH2O

Notes SPI Mixtures or Compounds EXAMPLE: A Mixture Science Air Nitrogen 7 N 14.0 Oxygen 8 O 16.0 Argon 18 Ar 39.9 Composition of Air: 78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen, 1% Argon and other gases When these ingredients are mixed together no chemical reaction occurs

Notes SPI Mixtures or Compounds EXAMPLE: AMixture Science Blood Blood Ingredients: 55% Plasma (consists of 90% water, 8% Protein, 2% other) 45% Red / White blood cells and Platelets When these ingredients are mixed together no chemical reaction occurs

Notes SPI Mixtures or Compounds EXAMPLES: A Mixture Science Milk Milk Ingredients: 88% Water, 5% Carbohydrates, 3% Fat, 3% Protein, 1% Minerals When these ingredients are mixed together no chemical reaction occurs

Notes SPI Mixtures or Compounds MORE EXAMPLES: Mixtures Science Cement Salad Soup CementSoupSalad No chemical reaction occurred when these mixtures were formed

Notes SPI Mixtures or Compounds MORE EXAMPLES Mixtures Science Tea Kool-Aid Tea Energy Drinks Soft Drinks Kool-Aid Drinks No chemical reaction occurred when these mixtures were formed

Notes SPI Mixtures or Compounds Science 2) If no chemical reaction occurred when you combined the substances together, then it is a mixture. How do I know if something is a mixture or not? 1) Mixtures can be fairly easily taken back apart. Two Ways  Note: Look at the next slide to see ways to take mixtures apart.  Note: Look at the next slide after that to see ways to determine if a chemical reaction occurred.

Notes SPI Mixtures or Compounds Science By hand By filtration By distillation By magnetism How to separate apart mixtures Four examples