Revolutionary and Evolutionary Innovation: Marshall Breeding Independent Consultant, Author, and Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guides Jun, 2015 Recent trends in Library Resource Management and Discovery Technologies Inaugural CONUL Annual Conference

Description  Marshall Breeding will provide an update on some of the trends related to resource management and discovery services of interest to academic libraries. Themes of interest include increased collaborative implementations; comprehensive management of print, electronic, and digital resources; providing access to library resources via index-based discovery services; deeper integration with campus infrastructure; and exploration of incorporation of linked data and semantic web technologies in library information systems.

Library Technology Guides

Recent Reports  American Libraries Library Systems Report  2015 online edition published May 1  “Operationalizing Innovation”  Future of Library Resource Discovery  NISO White Paper commissioned by the Document to Delivery Topic Committee  Published Feb 20, 2015  Perceptions Surveys  2015 edition recently published 

Perceptions 2014   Annual survey for Libraries  Satisfaction levels for  Company  Current ILS  Service  Loyalty  Migration Plans  3,141 Responses  80 Countries

Libraries Considering Switching Systems

Satisfaction levels: Large Academic

Perceptions Survey 2014  Sample: Large Academic Libraries

Satisfaction levels: Large Academic

Library Systems Report 2015 “Operationalizing innovation”

American Libraries Library Systems Report  Library Systems Report 2014: Strategic Competition and Cooperation  Online Publication: April 15, 2015  Covers calendar year activities  Report produced from:  Questionnaire of statistics and narrative completed by each major vendor  Press announcements made throughout the year  Other background information

Library Journal Automation Marketplace  Published annually in April 1 issue ( )  Based on data provided by each vendor  Focused primarily on North America  Context of global library automation market

Library Technology Industry Reports  2014: Strategic Competition and Cooperation  2015: Operationalizing Innovation  2013: Rush to Innovate  2012: Agents of Change  2011: New Frontier  2010: New Models, Core Systems  2009: Investing in the Future  2008: Opportunity out of turmoil  2007: An industry redefined  2006: Reshuffling the deck  2005: Gradual evolution  2004: Migration down, innovation up  2003: The competition heats up  2002: Capturing the migrating customer American LibrariesLibrary Journal

Industry Revenues  $1.8 billion global industry  $ 805 million from companies involved in the US  $495 million from US Libraries

Personnel Resources 2014

Personnel Growth / Loss

Evolution of Resource Management

Fragmented Resource Management  Integrated Library System for management of (mostly) print  Duplicative financial systems between library and university  Electronic Resource Management  E-Resource knowledge base and Link Resolver  A-Z e-journal lists and other finding aids  Interlibrary loan (borrowing and lending)  Digital Collections Management platforms (CONTENTdm, DigiTool, etc.)  Separate systems for archival materials and special collections  Discovery-layer services for broader access to library collections  No effective integration services / interoperability among disconnected systems, non-aligned metadata schemes

Cycles of fragmentation > unification  Early Phase: Modular automation  Integrated Library Systems  Proliferation of systems to manage electronic resources and digital collections  Current unification phase: library services platforms bring together print and electronic resource management  Next phase? Bring archival and digital assets under common management platform

Integrated (for print) Library System Circulation BIB Staff Interfaces: Holding / Items Circ Transact UserVendorPolicies $$$ Funds CatalogingAcquisitionsSerialsOnline Catalog Public Interfaces: Interfaces Business Logic Data Stores

LMS / ERM: Fragmented Model Circulation BIB Staff Interfaces: Holding / Items Circ Transact UserVendorPolicies $$$ Funds CatalogingAcquisitionsSerialsOnline Catalog Public Interfaces: Application Programming Interfaces ` License Management License Terms E-resource Procurement Vendors E-Journal Titles Protocols: CORE

Common approach for ERM Circulation BIB Staff Interfaces: Holding / Items Circ Transact UserVendorPolicies $$$ Funds CatalogingAcquisitionsSerialsOnline Catalog Public Interfaces: Application Programming Interfaces Budget License Terms Titles / Holdings Vendors Access Details

Ongoing gaps in Library Technology Infrastructure  Almost no systematic automation support for references and research services  Customer Relationship Management?  Resource sharing / Interlibrary loan management  Archives and Special Collections

Comprehensive Resource Management  Simplify resource management through platform consolidation  ILS + ERM + OpenURL Resolver + Digital Asset management, etc. very inefficient model  Consolidation requires a flexible platform capable of managing multiple type of library materials, multiple metadata formats, with appropriate workflows

Library Services Platform  Library-specific software. Technical infrastructure to help libraries automate their internal operations, manage collections, fulfillment requests, and deliver services  Services  Services-oriented architecture  Exposes Web services and other API’s  Facilitates the services libraries offer to their users  Platform  General infrastructure for library automation  Consistent with the concept of Platform as a Service  Library programmers address the APIs of the platform to extend functionality, create connections with other systems, dynamically interact with data

Library Services Platforms – Functional  Manages electronic and print formats of materials  Replaces multiple incumbent products  Extensive Metadata Management  Multiple procurement workflows  Knowledgebases  Built-in collection analytics  Decision support for collection development

Knowledge bases  Electronic Resource Management based on collective database of the body of e-content rather than library- by-library management  LSP extends knowledge base model to all resources  Make links or associations from local holdings to common bibliographic records  WorldShare Management Services – based on WorldCat Bibliographic records  Ex Libris Alma – includes Community Zone of shared records and resources  Intota: expanded knowledge base that includes MARC and other resources

Support for BIBFRAME  New bibliographic framework based on mapping MARC concepts and data into linked data model  No direct support for BIBFRAME in either integrated library systems or library services platforms  Developers are involved in BIBFRAME initiative  Operational implementations will come once the model has stabilized  Current phase of experimental projects and prototypes  Applies differently to discovery versus resource management

Library Services Platforms – Technical  Beyond Client/Server Computing  Multi-tenant platforms  Web-based interfaces  Services-oriented architecture  Exposes APIs for extensibility and interoperability  Interoperable

Consolidated index Unified Presentation Layer Search: Digital Coll ProQuest EBSCO … JSTOR Other Resources New Library Management Model ` API Layer Library Services Platform Learning Management Enterprise Resource Planning Stock Management Self-Check / Automated Return Authentication Service Smart Cad / Payment systems Discovery Service

Development Schedule WorldShare Management Services AlmaIntota Sierra Services Platform Kuali OLE General Release in July 2011 ~200 now in production First ARL member in production in June libraries have signed for Alma. Over 250 in production Libraries expected to be in production by late 2015 early to late contracts completed, 495libraries in production Version 1.0 released Dec 2013 Version 2.0 underway Summer 2014 implementations at University of Chicago and Lehigh University

Resource Management Models Category Integrated Library System Progressive integrated library System Library Services Platform Resources managedPhysicalPrint, electronicElectronic, Physical Technology platformServer-based Multi-tenant SaaS KnowledgebasesNone e-holdings, bibliographic Patron interfacesBrowser-based Staff interfaces Graphical Desktop (Java Swing, Windows, Mac OS) Browser-based Procurement modelsPurchasePurchase, licenselicense Hosting optionLocal install, ASP Saas Only Interoperability Batch transfer, proprietary API Batch transfer, RESTful APIs, APIs (mostly RESTful) Products SirsiDynix Symphony, Millennium, Polaris Sierra, SirsiDynix Symphony/BLUEcloud, Polaris, Apollo WorldShare Management Services, Alma, ProQuest Intota, Sierra, Kuali OLE Development strategyBrownfield Greenfield (mixed)

Development Timeline for Library Services Platforms

Library Services Platform Installations Production installations as of December 2014 ProductInstallations 2014 Sales Alma40643 WorldShare Management Services30379 Kuali OLE210 Intota021 Sierra495123

Cycle of adoption and deployment  Beginning of a new cycle of transition that will last a decade  Development and beta phase complete  Now in mass deployment phase  Over the course of the next decade, academic libraries will replace their current legacy products with new platforms  Not just a change of technology but a substantial change in the ways that libraries manage their resources and deliver their services

Relationship with Discovery  Discovery and Management solutions will increasingly be implemented as matched sets  Ex Libris: Primo / Alma  ProQuest: Summon / Intota  OCLC: WorldCat Discovery Service / WorldShare Platform  Except: Kuali OLE,  EBSCO Discovery Service: Works with any Resource management system  Both depend on an ecosystem of interrelated knowledge bases  API’s exposed to mix and match, but efficiencies and synergies are lost

Web-scale Index-based Discovery Search: Digital Collections Web Site Content Institutional Repositories … E-Journals Reference Sources Search Results Pre-built harvesting and indexing Consolidated Index ILS Data Aggregated Content packages (2009- present) Usage- generated Data Customer Profile

Comprehensive Library Portal Integrated Library System Library Web site Subject Guides Article, Databases, E-Book collections Public Interfaces : Presentation Layer

Discovery Service Statistics Discovery Product Installed EBSCO Discovery Service Primo Encore Summon WorldCat Discovery2085

Demise of the local catalog  Many library services platforms do not include the concept of an online catalog dedicated to local physical inventory  Designed for discovery services as public-facing interface  Implication: Discovery service must incorporate detailed functionality for local materials and related services

Discovery Strategy Options  Integrated suite: discovery and management systems from the same provider  Open source discovery + Library Services Platform  VuFind or Blacklight  Discovery layer + ERM with separate ILS for print collection

Fully Integrated Strategy  Library services Platform  Index-based discovery service  Integrated link resolution  Shared e-resource knowledgebase  Analytics available from back-end and discovery perspective

Split Management / Discovery Strategy  Library Services Platform for management of print and electronic resources  Separate index-based discovery  Knowledge base probably provided through Library Services Platform  Link Resolution separate from Discovery: how to perform smart linking?  Export and sync resource records from management to discovery service  API look-ups for resource availability and status  Patron profile and services request split between discovery and resource management components

Changing models of Resource Sharing

Progressive consolidation of library services  Centralization of technical infrastructure of multiple libraries within a campus  Resource sharing support  Direct borrowing among partner institutions  Shared infrastructure between institutions  Examples: 2CUL (Columbia University / Cornell University)  Orbis Cascade Alliance (37 independent colleges and universities to merge into shared LSP)

Bibliographic Database Library System Branch 1 Branch 2 Branch 3 Branch 4 Branch 5 Branch 6 Branch 7 Branch 8 Holdings Main Facility Search: Integrated Library System Patrons use Circulation features to request items from other branches Floating Collections may reduce workload for Inter-branch transfers Model: Multi-branch Independent Library System

Bibliographic Database Library System A Branch 1 Branch 2 Branch 3 Branch 4 Branch 5 Branch 6 Branch 7 Branch 8 Holdings Main Facility Bibliographic Database Library System B Branch 1 Branch 2 Branch 3 Branch 4 Branch 5 Branch 6 Branch 7 Branch 8 Holdings Main Facility Bibliographic Database Library System C Branch 1 Branch 2 Branch 3 Branch 4 Branch 5 Branch 6 Branch 7 Branch 8 Holdings Main Facility Bibliographic Database Library System D Branch 1 Branch 2 Branch 3 Branch 4 Branch 5 Branch 6 Branch 7 Branch 8 Holdings Main Facility Bibliographic Database Library System F Branch 1 Branch 2 Branch 3 Branch 4 Branch 5 Branch 6 Branch 7 Branch 8 Holdings Main Facility Bibliographic Database Library System E Branch 1 Branch 2 Branch 3 Branch 4 Branch 5 Branch 6 Branch 7 Branch 8 Holdings Main Facility Resource Sharing Application Bibliographic Database Discovery and Request Management Routines Staff Fulfillment Tools Inter-System Communications NCIP SIP ISO ILL Z39.50 NCIP Search: Consortial Resource Sharing System

Bibliographic Database Shared Consortia System Library 2 Library 3 Library 4 Library 5 Library 7 Library 8 Library 9 Library 10 Holdings Library 1Library 6 Shared Consortial ILS Search: Model: Multiple independent libraries in a Consortium Share an ILS ILS configured To support Direct consortial Borrowing through Circulation Module

Library Consortia  Groups of libraries want to work together to share an automation system  Number of participants limited by the perceived capacities of the automation system

Shared Infrastructure  Common discovery  Retention of local automation systems  Technical complex with moderate operational benefits  Common discovery + Resource Management Systems  Shared Resource management with local discovery options

Support for Collaborative Infrastructure

Benefits of shared infrastructure  Increased cooperation and resource sharing  Collaborative collection management  Lower costs per institution  Greater universe of content readily available to patrons  Avoid add-on components for union catalog and resource requests and routing

Large-scale Implementations  Scale of any given project is no longer limited  Multi-tenant systems are already supporting very large numbers of sites  Shared implementation does not necessarily require more resources than separate ones

WHELF Wales Higher Education Libraries Forum Institution Prior ILSBib Records Aberystwyth UniversityVoyager677,846 Bangor & Glyndwr UniversitySierra 591,673 Cardiff University & Welsh National Health ServiceVoyager856,381 Cardiff Metropolitan UniversityAlto269,965 National Library of WalesVirtua6,643,696 Royal Welsh College of Music and DramaVoyager 53,544 Swansea UniversityVoyager 738,399 University of South WalesSymphony365,602 University of Wales Trinity St. DavidHorizon637,326 Total 10,834,432

Orbis Cascade Alliance Campus Libraries37 Aggregated Enrollment258,000 Total Titles9 million Total Items28 million

California State University Institution TitlesVolumes CirculationStaff FTE Bakersfield 473,134637,60615,71425 Channel Islands 100,433255, Chico 850,0001,265,90732,18259 Dominguez Hills 628,193637,0648,45638 East Bay 944,4151,139,05733,49143 Fresno 1,928,6241,345,398208,49178 Fullerton 1,153,7141,256,86761,48674 Humboldt 692,017807,10130,30031 Long Beach 1,198,7883,073,252147,46168 Los Angeles 926,498983,22935,66548 Maritime Academy 42,854154,8205,4398 Monterey Bay 277,228333,98227,76816 Northridge 1,575,6952,170,589130, Pomona 776,2511,058,23643,51448 Sacramento 1,189,0931,415,56298,67566 San Bernardino 935,366868,45329,00190 San Diego 2,340,6412,513,98446, San Francisco 1,524,4641,677,43789,16189 San Jose 1,505,6761,441,27994,74588 San Luis Obispo 805,508724,53138,89562 San Marcos 441,812538,20317,07147 Sonoma 506,040585,082191,18734 Stanislaus 344,311513,56531,61127 Total 21,160,75525,396,7981,417,0371,307

University of California Campus Libraries10 Aggregated Enrollment 238,686 Total Titles38 million Total Items45 million The University of California system is in an earlier stage of consideration regarding the possibility of a shared resource management system..

Comparison of Projects InstitutionVolumesLibraries Harvard University18,900,00079 Orbis Cascade Alliance28,000,00066 WHELF10,834,43232 California State University25,396,79825 University of California45,000,000100

Questions and discussion