Unit 2 Chapter 3, Section 1 Physical, Perceptual, and Language Development

Essential Question Will every baby grow and mature at the same rate?

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Developmental Psychology Specialized study of how an individual’s physical, social, emotional, moral, and intellectual development occur in sequential interrelated stages throughout the life cycle. Essential, how do babies grow

Studies of Developmental Psychologists 1. Continuity vs. stages of development 2. Stability vs. change 3. Nature vs. Nurture

Nature vs. Nurture Question How much of development is the result of inheritance (heredity), and how much is the result of what we have learned?

Newborns Capacities Have the ability at birth to see, hear, smell, and respond to their environment Birth puts staggering demand on a baby’s capacity to adapt and survive

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Capacities cont. Capable of reflexes- inherited, automatic, coordinated movement patterns Grasping reflex- when a baby grabs a hold of something Rooting reflex- baby turns his mouth toward the area being touched

What they can do? Psychologist take advantage of what babies can do: 1. Suck 2. Turn their head 3. Look at things 4. Cry 5. Smile 6. Show signs of surprise or fright

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Physical Development Average Weight at birth: 7.3 pounds (largest 19.2 pounds) 95% of infants weigh between 5.5 and 10 pounds and are 18 to 22 inches long

Maturation The internally programmed growth of a child Lift head: 3 months Smile: 4 months Grasp objects: 5 to 6 months Crawling: 8 to 10 months Walking: 11 to 15 months

Maturation vs. Learning Maturation just as important as learning (relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of experience) Parents should wait for their children to develop, not try to push or force them when they are not ready

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Maturation Cont. Maturational plans inside each child is unique Each infant has his/her own temperament (an individual’s style in responding emotionally to situations)

Perceptual Development Newborns have mature perception skills Prefer looking at human faces and benefit greatly from being touched by parents

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Development of Language Language and thought are closely intertwined A child begins to think, to represent things to himself, before he is able to speak

How to learn a Language 1. One must learn the signs—by hand or by mouth 2. Learn meaning of signs 3. Learn grammar

Children and Foreign Languages Children learn language from their family (Chinese, Japanese, English) Speak what is native to the family

Language Second year- first real words usually refer to things they can see or touch Have vocabulary of 500 to 1,000 words From 18 months to 5 years, learn approx. 5 to 10 words a day Average for an adult: 17,000 (college graduate)

Language Cont Children use telegraphic speech- verbal utterance in which words are left out, but the meaning is usually clear Ex: Where my Apple? Ex: Daddy goed (went) yesterday.