Evolution pgs /07/2013 Learning Target: I will understand how an organism’s ability to adapt affects its survival in changing ecosystems.

Know: (pg 79) What do you know about evolution? Evidence “I don’t know anything.” is not an acceptable answer. Use complete sentences. Choose any vocabulary word EXCEPT competition– draw the definition of the word you chose.

Clarifying ?s Information Page # 80 Who? Charles Darwin was a naturalist (studies nature) traveled for 5 years on the HMS Beagle (a British ship). He made/recorded observations of plants and animals. Galapagos Islands. Evolution species - a group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce fertile offspring Darwin took note of similarities and differences between mainland and island birds and animals. adaptations Example: the shapes of birds’ beaks evolution - a gradual change in a species over time in order to adapt to new conditions in the environment natural selection - characteristics that help organisms survive and reproduce - individuals who better adapt to their environment have a better chance to survive and reproduce overproduction- when a species produce more offspring than the environment can support FYI - The phrase “Survival of the fittest” was introduced by Herbert Spencer, a contemporary of Charles Darwin. The phrase essentially means the same as “natural selection.”

Clarifying ?s Information Evolution competition - food and resources are limited. Species compete with each other to survive. Example: A musk ox's diet -plants sedges and grasses, a caribou's --berries, grass and sedge. When food is hard to find in the tundra, they compete for food. variation Example: coloring– blue vs brown eyes selection - Species with traits that promote survival live and reproduce. Over time, traits that do not promote survival are not carried to the next generation. - any difference between individuals of the same species New species Example: Grand Canyon Squirrels - The kaibab squirrels and the albert squirrels were separated by the natural barrier (the Grand Canyon) They started out as the same species but, eventually developed into two separate species of squirrels. Summary: When a group separates from a species over several generations, different traits evolve.

Clarifying ?s Information Evolution Who? Charles Darwin was a naturalist (a person who studies nature) who traveled for 5 years on the HMS Beagle (a British ship). He made and recorded thousands of observations of plants and animals. His best known research was done in the Galapagos Islands. species - a group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce fertile offspring Darwin took note of similarities and differences between mainland and island birds and animals. adaptations Example: the shapes of birds’ beaks evolution - a gradual change in a species over time in order to adapt to new conditions in the environment natural selection - characteristics that help organisms survive and reproduce - individuals who better adapt to their environment have a better chance to survive and reproduce overproduction- when a species produce more offspring than the environment can support FYI - The phrase “Survival of the fittest” was introduced by Herbert Spencer, a contemporary of Charles Darwin. The phrase essentially means the same as “natural selection.”

Clarifying ?s Information Summary: Evolution competition - food and resources are limited. Species compete with each other to survive. Example: A musk ox's diet plants- sedges and grasses. A caribou's eats berries, grass and sedge. When food is hard to find in the tundra, the two compete for food. variation Example: coloring—blue vs. brown eyes selection - Species with traits that promote survival live and reproduce. Over time, traits that do not promote survival are not carried to the next generation. - any difference between individuals of the same species New species Example: Grand Canyon Squirrels - The kaibab squirrels and the albert squirrels were separated by the natural barrier (the Grand Canyon) They started out as the same species but, eventually developed into two separate species of squirrels. When a group separates from a species over several generations, different traits evolve.

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