SOCIALIZATION Estimate, based on your own experience, the proportions of who you are today that is attributable to each of the following categories: Heredity, parents, siblings, peers, teachers, media, others (counselors, coaches, God, famous people).

Socialization -- lifelong social experience by which individuals develop their human potential and learn culture. Develops personality Nature vs Nurture

The Socialization Process Sigmund Freud personality shaped by Eros and thanatos Personality has three components a) id b) ego c) superego

Jean Piaget Cognitive development depends on age a) sensorimotor stage b) preoperational stage c) concrete operational stage d) formal operational stage

Herbert Mead Self - has to do with self awareness and self image. Looking-glass self -- self-image depends on how others perceive us. Generalized other - cultural norms and values used in self evaluation.

Agencies of Socialization Family School Peer group Mass media Resocialization-happens in total institutions.

Schools and Socialization The first agency of socialization controlled by nonrelatives. Expose children to standards of performance applied to everyone. Encourage them to develop loyalties beyond their own families. Train children to be disciplined, orderly, cooperative, and conforming.

Peer Groups and Socialization The first agency of socialization not controlled by adults. Provides young people with experiences they cannot easily obtain elsewhere. Teach young people to deal with others as equals. Help them gain experience in self-direction and establish independence from adults.

Stages of Adult Development Early Adulthood: 18 to 35 –Involves a move beyond adolescence and a preliminary step into adulthood –Ends when the individual has made a life within the adult world.

Functions of the media Provide information. Promote social continuity and integration. Supply entertainment. Explain and interpret events and information. Mobilize the society when necessary.

Dysfunctions of the mass media Increase social conformity. Legitimate the status quo. Impede social change while promoting social continuity and integration. Divert the public from serious issues through trivial entertainment. Shape views through editorializing as they “interpret” events and information. Create violence via public mobilization.

Conflict Theory and the Media: Marxian View Workers are exploited by being paid less than they deserve. Consumers are overcharged. Ruling class receives excessive profits. The media are a tool of manipulation by which the ruling class maintains its power.

Conflict Theory and the Media: Power Elite Evidence that the media is controlled by the ruling class: –Concentration of power in the media –Agenda-setting power of the media –Media’s ability to socialize the population