DO NOW: Recreate this diagram and complete (p )

Became spies Made ammunition Made blankets Rolled bandages Distributed food, clothing, medicine Did men’s jobs while they were away Raised money

Uniforms

A Soldiers Life

Entertainment for Enlisted Men

People and Economy of the Civil War Notes for 16-4

Life of a Soldiers Union Much of their time was spent in camp Pleasant moments of song, stories, letters, baseball games Most of the time life was dull with routine Confederacy Similar to Union Sometimes either side would trade with the other during lulls in battle

Reality of War Union 1 out of every 11 deserted High numbers of casualties caused by new weaponry Agers “coffee mill” gun – not a machine gun, powered by a hand crank Land mines Balloons (used for observation) Confederacy 1 out of every 8 deserted Soldiers suffered from lack of supplies and food Springfield muzzleloader used on both sides – best could fire every seconds Caused more casualties in each battle 13” Mortar gun “Dictator”

New Warfare Trench warfare Toward the end of the war both sides began to dig trenches in the ground to hold their position Some Generals still continued to launch charge after charge into enemy causing high number of casualties

New Roles for Women Union Took on new roles Worked in factories Became teachers, salesclerks, and government workers Confederacy Managed farms Both sides suffered loss of husbands, fathers, brothers Many driven from their homes as houses were commandeered or destroyed by the Union

Life at Home Union Saw war from a distance Everyday life went on with little disruption Confederacy Dramatic change in everyday life Blockades limited supplies and caused shortages Food Clothing Medicine Homes and crops destroyed by Union armies

The Northern Homefront

The Southern Homefront

Spies Union Harriet Tubman spied for the north Allen Pinkerton later formed the famous Pinkerton detective agency Confederacy Rose O’Neal Greenhow entertained soldiers in the Union and picked up info Belle Boyd informed Confederate generals of Union army movement

Spies

Nurses - Thousands of women served as nurses on both sides Union Dorothea Dix organized women to work with wounded Clara Barton – later founded Red Cross Confederacy Sally Tompkins established hospital in the South Kate Cummings left home at age 27 to work in the field hospitals

Enlistments – at first people rushed to join on both sides Union Encouraged enlistment by offering bounties (payment to encourage volunteers) Began draft in 1863 Names were pulled from a lottery Person could avoid the draft by hiring a substitute or paying $300 Led to riots (New York City 1863) Confederacy Began draft in 1862 Exempted one white man on every plantation with 20 or more slaves People complained of a “rich man’s war but a poor man’s fight”

The New York Riots

Economics – both sides borrowed money, raised taxes, and printed paper money Union Borrowed $2 billion by selling war bonds Passed income tax in 1861 Printed “greenbacks” Northern economy boomed – farmers grew more crops, factories produced more goods Confederacy Borrowed $700 million by selling war bonds Also imposed income tax Lacked industry to produce arms and ammunition Fighting took place in the South so farms were overrun, rail lines tore up Printed a lot more money than in the North

Review – make a Venn diagram to show how the North and South were affected by the war NORTH SOUTH