By: Nadia Hilton-Adams, Camille Lundberg & Zakiya Dr. Paddenburg, 2 nd Period

Geography  Ancient Sparta was located in the southern end of Greece  Sparta was bordered by two large mountains Taygetos and the Parnon Mountains very difficult to invade and easier to defend. it was very difficult to invade and easier to defend.  Sparta was also on the right bank of the Eurotas River.  Sparta was only 25 miles from water lots of crops and good soil Kind of Crops: olives, wheat grapes and figs.  Sparta was also the capital of a region of the Peloponnese called Laconia sometimes the Spartans were called Laconians.  Sparta was a simple City olive grove in Sparta 0AAF6E DC-385_634x419.jpg

Geography Cont. This picture shows an outline of ancient Sparta layered over an aerial satellite- google view of the modern city. Modern and Ancient View of Sparta tworld/ / SPARTA

Spartan Government LEADERSHIP Spartan government was run by two Kings, Magistrates and a Council of 28 Elders, Ephorate or Ephors, (this included the two kings). NOT ELECTED: The Kings led the army in times of War

Magistrates- all were elected  Ephorate  Ephorate (Chief Magistrate)  Ephors Worked with king & controlled special police (Krypteia)  Council of Elders  Council of Elders (The Gerousia) 60 years or older Only Bloodline/Heritage Only (Doric)  The Eclesia Assembly that voted yes/no 18 or older

Citizens & Non-Citizens  Citizens had to be descendants of the first Doric invaders who founded/created the City.  Approximately 6,000-7,000 citizens at a time.  Non-Citizens outnumbered citizens.  Non-Citizens didn’t challenge the system:  Their fear of the military style of government  The way the system was organized.

Spartans were known for their bravery and great skills in battle  Spent most of their life in war or getting ready for war.  Best fighters on land but weren’t every really good at sea battle. UNIFORMS During battles Spartan men wore bronze breastplates, helmets, cheek plates and crimson capes/cloak s. es/394__The_300_Spartans_.jpg KOPIS Spartan Warfare SOME SPARTAN WEAPONS  Spears called dorus that was 7-9 feet long  Kopis, which was a short sword-curved and heavy  Was used to slice and stab their enemies when they were close enough. DORUS

Spartan Warfare cont. FIGHTING STYLE EXAMPLE hoplites Spartans and others used many front line soldiers that were called hoplites. a phalanx As a group/unit, the hoplites would form a tight, special formation-called a phalanx formation. 1.The line of hoplites was each soldier holding his ground 2.back lines behind them moved forward to fill in the gaps of soldiers who died E VERY S PARTAN ARMY FOUGHT LIKE THEY WERE JUST ONE SOLDIER.

Spartan Economy *ONE OF THE RICHEST CITY-STATES OF ANCIENT GREECE* The economy was built around making sure there was money for to keep the Military going. The Land  Was good for growing/farming so the agriculture was very good.  Sparta didn’t need to get wheat or food from anywhere else. The Perioikoi  Sold, traded and made income off of commerce from selling things. Because Spartan citizens weren’t allowed to have jobs other than being soldiers, the perioikoi made all the big business and trade deals. The Currency  Sparta did not have a coin system so they traded Iron Bars.

Spartan Culture Infant Males…  An Elder Council inspected each baby and if they considered the baby weak then the baby was left to die on the slope of Mount Taygetos.  If the baby lived, then that baby was worthy of being a Spartan and was brought back to the family. This was a test of strength. By Age 7…  Male Spartans were taken from their mothers and families  were put through years of harsh training camp called agoge. By Age 12…  They had to sleep outside with one pair of clothes and no shoes for a one whole year. By Age 20… They were now soldiers but had to still stay in the group barracks and couldn’t marry or have children or become a landowner and until he was 30 years old.

Culture cont. HELOTS & PERIOKOI Periokoi or the dwellers around or about were foreigners who were very good at talking to the Helots and the Spartans.  They were good at keeping the peace.  Most of the commerce and trade in Sparta was done by the Periokoi and they were also free. The Helots were slaves.  They were given out to the Spartans as servants to clean houses & farm.  Every year large groups of them were killed by the secret police of Sparta (Crypteia).  Helots could live in family units and were able to keep some of the crops if they raised over the amount needed. DID YOU KNOW ?? In the year 223 BC 6,000 the Helots purchased their freedom for 500 drachmas each.

Spartan Culture cont. THE WOMEN OF SPARTA Spartan women were athletic and strong. formal education  Had formal education but they were not allowed to use it to earn money could speak in public about politics  They could speak in public about politics and could speak to men in public. Women were allowed to exercise because the Spartans believed that fit women made strong, athletic babies.  Marriage for a Spartan woman was not a celebrated event.  The woman was kidnapped in the night by her future husband.  Her head was shaved, and she had to wear men's clothing. free and considered to be citiz could own property  Spartan women were free and considered to be citizens and could own property.

Spartan Religion a goddess The Spartans worshiped a goddess whose name was: Artemis Orthia- - Artemis Orthia- -Her name means standing erect or upright.  When boys went through the coming of age ritual they would stand upright on the steps of Sparta's Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia and were beat until their flesh was torn and bleeding.  They believed that this prepared Spartan men for the brutality of warfare and how it would be when your fighting.  They believed that their goddess Artemis Orthia wasn’t satisfied until the sanctuary was covered in blood. Artemis Orthia Ares God of War a God The Spartans also worshipped a God named: Ares-He was the God of War

The Peloponnesian League  The Peloponnesian League was the Spartan alliance.  Sparta made a confederacy of the Peloponnesian states.  Sparta was in charge; and each state would send a deputy for decision and making, and have their own treaty.

MLA Citations  Lendering, Jona. "Helots." Wikepdia. Wikipedia, 2 January Web. 22 Jan  Fowler, Robin. "The Women of Sparta." Suite101. Suite101, 3 September Web. 23 Dec  "Ancient Greece and Rome." mail.watertown. Watertown, --. Web. 20 Dec  --. "Sparta." Conservapedia. Conservapedia, 17 Feb Web. 17 Feb "The Hoplite." Military Factory. Military Factory, 1 Jan Web. 17 Feb  --. "Sparta: Tactics." Sparta.maroulakispublications.org.uk. Markoulakis Publications, 12 Oct Web. 12 Oct "Ancient Greek Warfare." Essortment. Essortment, Web. 25 Jan Kerasaridis, Fotis. "Sparta." Battle of Thermopylae. BattleofThermopylae, Web. 25 Jan "Athens vs. Sparta." Diffen. Diffen, n.d. Web. 25 Jan Schrader, Helena P. "Sparta Reconsidered Economy." Elysiumgates.com. Helena P. Schrader, 9 July Web. 25 Jan