Kingdom Plantae By: Kevin Kaufman

Bryophyta Mosses Seedless Nonvascular Plants Grow close to ground, absorb water and nutrients directly from soil Rely on free-standing water for reproduction Sphagnum, Antitrichia curtipendula, Eurhynchium oreganum Most common nonvascular plants

Hepatophyta Liverworts Seedless Nonvascular Look like a lobe of liver flat on the ground Humid, damp habitat Spores Cololejeunea macounii, Pallavicinia lyellii, Porella platyphylla Commonly mistaken for a weed

Anthocerophyta Hornworts Seedless Nonvascular Plants Flat, lobed appearance similar to liverworts Tropical forests along streams Little green horns produce spores Ceratophyllum demersum, Ceratophyllum submersum

Lycophyta Club Mosses Lycophyta Seedless Nonvascular True leaves, roots, stems Granite outcroppings, bogs Spores Lycopodium, Selaginella, Isoetes Second largest Seedless Vascular group

Pterophyta Ferns Seedless Vascular Sporangia on underside of leaves, roots, stems Tropical, but many in temperate zones Spores, Sexual reproduction requires moisture Pleopeltis polypodioides, Phymatodes scolopendria, Thelyptris palustris Long dry periods dry fronds while rains quickly restore green color

Cycadophyta Cycads Cone-bearing Seed Plant Coralloid roots, girdling leaf traces Tropical and sub-tropical zones Pollination (dioecius plant) Cycas circinalis, Cycas pruinosa, Cycas revoluta Regarded as a living fossil

Ginkgophyta Ginkgos Cone-bearing Seed Plant Fan shaped leaves China is only known area to hold the ginkgos Pollen released then captured in pollen tubes Ginkgo biloba One living species

Coniferophyta Conifers Cone-bearing Seed Plant Needlelike leaves Mountainous regions Wind pollination Poplar, cedars, hemlocks Largest organisms on planet

Anthophyta Flowering Plants Flowering Seed Plant Seeds enclosed in fruit All over the world Flowers produce pollen which is transferred to other flowers of the same species Mangos, bananas, apples Largest phyla of plants