Goal 6: American Imperialism (1890 – 1920)

Imperialism (1890s – 1920) Definition: Stronger nations take over weaker nations to become more powerful.  Political, economical & social control It must be supported by the military 4 Causes of Imperialism Manifest Destiny Expanding Markets Spreading American Views Anglo-Saxon (white) Superiority

Manifest Destiny Expanding coast to coast  Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean  We’ve accomplished this – now what? Tracing American Expansion  Louisiana Purchase  Florida  Oregon  Texas  Mexican Cession  Gadsden Purchase  Alaska

Expanding Markets The opportunity to buy & sell goods to new places  We can make more money!! Main reason the US becomes imperialistic The 2 nd Industrial Revolution contributed to this desire…  Lots of new products are being made & we need to sell them…

Spread American Views Spreading American values & customs  What’s this called when we force others to give up their culture? Assimilation White Man’s Burden  It is the white man’s duty to civilize other people Examples:  Assimilation  Dawe’s Act

Anglo-Saxon Superiority Belief that white people (Americans) were culturally superior We believe we’re better than everyone else – especially non-whites!

The Influence of Sea Power Upon History Author: Topic: 4 Goals: Alfred T. Mahan Identifies 4 things the US needed to become imperialistic 1. Build a modern Navy 2. Gets islands in the Caribbean Sea 3. Gets islands in the Pacific Ocean 4. Build a canal through Latin America (Panama Canal)

Spheres of Influence Are of economic & political control exerted by one nation over other nations One nation influences other nations Ex: Monroe Doctrine: The USA has influence over N. & S. America (Western Hemisphere)

Colony One country sets up & controls a settlement in another area Economic & political control Ex: England established the American colonies in N. America

Protectorate One country partially controls the affairs of another country Ex: The USA’s relationship with Cuba

Commonwealth Similar to a protectorate, but less restrictive Ex: USA & Puerto Rico

Mercantilism Economic theory that colonies exist to help make the mother country more self-sufficient  Exporting (sell) more than importing (buy) Ex: The American colonies supplied the raw materials for England to make finished goods to sell to other countries

Isolationism Not getting involved with foreign countries  Which President encouraged this practice? G. Washington US foreign before imperialism

Teller Amendment President: McKinley Area Involved: Cuba Explanation: Promised Cuba the US would not annex them after the Spanish-American War

Platt Amendment President: McKinley Area Involved: Cuba Explanation:  Allowed the US to establish a Naval base in Cuba  The US can interfere in Cuban affairs when necessary  Cuba can’t conduct foreign affairs

Open Door Policy President: McKinley Area Involved: China Explanation:  Opens China to trade with the USA  The US has equal access to China’s millions of consumers

Roosevelt Corollary President: T. Roosevelt Area Involved: Latin America Explanation:  Extends the Monroe Doctrine  Allows the US to intervene in Latin American Mainly to protect American interests

Portsmouth Conference President: T. Roosevelt Area Involved: Russia & Japan Explanation:  Negotiated a peace treaty between the 2 countries  Opened talks/relationship with Japan & Russia

“Big Stick” Policy President: T. Roosevelt Area Involved: Latin America Explanation:  TR threatened to use the military to conduct foreign affairs in Latin America To benefit American interests “Speak softly & carry a big stick”

Dollar Diplomacy President: Taft Area Involved: Latin America Explanation:  Economic investment in Latin America Done because we’re afraid economic problems in Latin American will cause European countries to get involved  Keeps Europe out of the Caribbean