Outline for 11/19: Population and Migration A Population Boom? The Demographic Transition Consequences of Population Growth Youth Bulge Policies to deal with population growth International Migration

2 nd Exam MCQ average=13/20 The UN’s Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted in what year? A B C D p. 514: Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UNDHR) (1948) The core UN document on human rights; although it lacks the force of international law, it sets forth international norms regarding behavior by government towards their citizens and foreigners alike. The UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) was established in what year? A B C D p. 514: UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) A structure established in 1964 to promote third world development through various trade proposals. 2 points will be added to all students 2 nd exam MCQ scores.

A Population Boom? What is the world current population? Most populated countries? Will world population continue to grow? Various estimates on p. 410, Figure 11.6 Demographic transition (p. 411, Figure 11.7) Poor and Underdeveloped – high birth and death rates Rich and Developed – low birth and death rates Developing - first experience falling death rates and only later reduced birth rates

World Population over Time

From Allen and Sutton, Student Atlas of World Politics, 9 th ed. p 82. Population Growth in Different Countries Where is growth highest?Where is growth stable? Where is growth declining?

Population Density (people/km 2 ) Where is the lowest pop. density? Where is the highest?

Consequences of Population Growth Resource scarcity Water Energy Environmental degradation Deforestation Over-fishing Economic effects? Political effects? Other effects, either positive or negative?

Youth Bulge Population growth not only affects the number of people in a country, but also the age composition Follows from demographic transition model – birth rate remains high, young people have more babies, young outnumber old USA 2000 Afghanistan 2005 Japan 2050

From Allen and Sutton, Student Atlas of World Politics, 9 th ed. p 97. Youth Bulge in Different Countries Where do we see a youth bulge? Where not?

Policy options to deal with population growth Do nothing Moral objections to population control Market forces will control the problem Birth control/family planning China UN Population Fund Economic Development But not easy May even make problem worse in the short-term

China’s age structure diagram

International Migration Why allow emigration? Why allow immigration? Labor exporting countries? Labor importing countries? How do labor importing countries try to reduce any problems/difficulties associated with foreign workers?

From Allen and Sutton, Student Atlas of World Politics, 9 th ed. p 86. Migrant Share of Population in Different Countries What are the primary migration destinations?