6.3 Synonymy

back Charming Pretty Beautiful fair Beauty belle adj synonyms noun synonyms

synonym συν “ syn ” =plus όνομα “ onoma ” =name (In Greek) Analysis:

Synonyms synonymous synonymy Synonyms synonymous synonymy Words that are synonyms are said to be Words that are synonyms are said to be synonymous, and the state of being a synonymous, and the state of being a synonym is called synonymy. synonym is called synonymy.

Definition: A word or expression that has the same or nearly the same meaning as another in the same language. A word or expression that has the same or nearly the same meaning as another in the same language. A word or an expression that serves as a figurative or symbolic substitute for another. A word or an expression that serves as a figurative or symbolic substitute for another. One of two or more words in the English language which have the same or very nearly the same essential meaning. One of two or more words in the English language which have the same or very nearly the same essential meaning.

some meanings some meanings Part of speech （词类）Part of speech （词类） A Likeness in Some points about synonyms:

baby and infant (noun) baby and infant (noun) buy and purchase (verb) buy and purchase (verb) sick and ill (adjective) sick and ill (adjective) quickly and speedily (adverb) quickly and speedily (adverb) on and upon (preposition) on and upon (preposition) freedom and liberty (noun) freedom and liberty (noun) student and pupil (noun) student and pupil (noun) pretty and attractive (adjective) pretty and attractive (adjective) Likeness in Part of speech

pupil pupil “ A child in school ” (synonyms) student “ Aperture in the iris of the eye ” a likeness in some meanings

Does there exist the synonyms identical in meaning in all its aspects? Question: ?

Types of synonyms: 1) Absolute Synonyms 1) Absolute Synonyms 2) Relative Synonyms 2) Relative Synonyms

Absolute synonyms Absolute synonyms Also known as complete synonyms, are words which are identical in meaning in all its aspects, i.e. both in grammatical meaning and lexical meaning including conceptual and associative meanings. Also known as complete synonyms, are words which are identical in meaning in all its aspects, i.e. both in grammatical meaning and lexical meaning including conceptual and associative meanings. E.g. caecitis --- typhlitis E.g. caecitis --- typhlitis scarlet --- scarlatina scarlet --- scarlatina word-building --- word-formation word-building --- word-formation

Distinction made between absolute and complete synonyms by John Lyons Absolute synonyms: Absolute synonyms: the words have the same distribution and are completely synonymous in all their meanings and in all their contexts of occurrence the words have the same distribution and are completely synonymous in all their meanings and in all their contexts of occurrence complete synonyms: complete synonyms: they are the words that have the same descriptive, expressive and social meaning. they are the words that have the same descriptive, expressive and social meaning.

Relative Synonyms Also called by some people near-synonyms, are similar or nearly the same in denotation, but embrace different shades of meaning or different degrees of a given quality. Also called by some people near-synonyms, are similar or nearly the same in denotation, but embrace different shades of meaning or different degrees of a given quality. E.g. change- alter- vary E.g. change- alter- vary feline --- cat feline --- cat reject --- decline reject --- decline