WHAT IS PHENYLEPHRINE? A powerful vasoconstrictor used to dilate the pupils, relieve nasal congestion and maintain blood pressure during anesthesia.

PHENYLEPHRINE STRUCTURE

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Physical state: Liquid Color and Odor: Colorless to yellow, odorless Melting point: o C Boiling/ Freezing point ( o C): Approx. same as water pH: 5.0 Solubility: Soluble in water (aqueous solution)

STABILITY AND REACTIVITY This product is considered stable Materials to avoid: acids, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides, butacine, alkalies, ferric salts, and oxidizing agents. Hazardous Decomposition Products: When heated to decomposition, this product may emit very toxic fumes of PO x, Na 2 O, HCl, and NO x.

HOW DOES IT WORK? Phenylephrine shrinks swollen nasal tissue and opens up passages. Sinus drainage is increased by this. Phenylephrine is a decongestant. It works by constricting (shrinking) blood vessels (veins and arteries) in your body. Constriction of blood vessels in your sinuses and nose decreases congestion

What is this medicine used for? This medicine relieves symptoms (runny nose, sneezing, throat irritation and itching; watery, irritated, itchy, red eyes) from allergies. Long-term nasal congestion and headache are treated by phenylephrine

HISTORY Pseudeophedrine, the old standby found in Sudafed and hundreds of other over-the- counter decongestants, can raise the blood pressure. Over the years, there have been reports of heart attacks, strokes, disturbed heart rhythms, and other cardiovascular problems with use of pseudeophrine.

HISTORY Now, in response to laws that make it less convenient to buy pseudeophrine, some companies are replacing this ingredient with phenylephrine, a decongestant traditionally used in nasal sprays. Pfizer, who manufactured the name brand decongestant Sudafed introduced a new formulation in late 2004, “Sudafed PE” That uses phenylephrine instead of pseudeophendrine

HAZARD DESCRIPTION Phenylephrine HCl may cause adverse CNS and cardiovascular reations and is a poison by ingestion, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, intravenous, and intramuscular routes. NFPA ratings (scale 0-4): Health: 1, Fire: 0, Reactivity: 0

PRECAUTIONS Phenylephrine is contraindicated in patients with severe hypertension, ventricular tachycardia or those who are hypersensitive to it It should be used with extreme caution in geriatric patients, patients with hyperthyroidism, bradycardia, partial heart block or with heart disease. It is not a replacement for adequate volume therapy in patients with shock.

SIDE EFFECTS At usual doses, a reflex braducardia, CNS effects (excitements, restlessness, headache) and rarely, arrhythmias are seen. Blood pressure must be monitored to prevent hypertension. Extravasation injuries with phenylephrine can be serious (necrosis and sloughing of surrounding tissue)

Reasons to call healthcare provider immediately Signs of a life-threatening reaction. These include wheezing; tightness in the chest; fever; itching; bad cough; blue skin color; fits; swelling of face, lips, tongue, or throat. Chest pains, fast heartbeats, passing out, fainting, or severe headache. Any rash. No improvement in condition or feeling worse.

Main Scheme Benzene Benzaldehyde3-bromo- benzaldedhye 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde 3-hydroxystyrene 3-hydroxybenzene ethanol

H 2 /Pd 3-hydroxybenzene ethanol 3-(2-ethanol)- phenolate 3-(2acetaldehyde)-phenolate 3-hydroxybenzeneacetaldehyde 3-hydroxybenzene- (2-bromo)acetaldehyde 3-(2-bromo-N-methyl- ethylimine)-phenol 3-(2-bromo-N-methyl- ethylamine)-phenol 3-(1-hydroxy-2-methylamino-ethyl)phenol