Psychology I David G. Myers. Prologue Psychology defined – is the scientific study of behavior and the mental processes. –Science ? observation and analysis.

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Presentation transcript:

Psychology I David G. Myers

Prologue Psychology defined – is the scientific study of behavior and the mental processes. –Science ? observation and analysis Early thinkers Buddha, Confucius, and Hebrew scholars

Greece – Socrates and Plato mind is separate from body. Knowledge is innate-born with. Aristotle the mind and body are one “ the soul isn’t separated from the body and the same holds true for particular parts of the soul”. (De Anima)

Rene Descartes- agreed with Socrates/Plato Francis Bacon- (Novum Organuum) New Instrument - used inductive reasoning in discovery - sound science birth of the scientific method

John Locke -The mind is a blank slate at birth, white paper, tabula rasa. Our knowledge comes from our experience. Science should rely on observation and experimentation. Empiricism-a view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, rely on observation and experimentation.

Psychology is born Wilhelm Wundt - first to attempt to measure behavior process. The first psychology laboratory, school and staff. Structuralism - used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind Functionalism - how mental behavioral processes function.

Nature vs Nurture Where do you stand? Try to support your thoughts on the matter. Nature vs Nurture Personality traits Intelligence Temperament Both

Thinking Critically with Psychological Science The need for Psychological Science “What good fortune for those in power that people do not think.” Adolf Hitler, –Why (Intuition and Common Sense isn’t enough) Judgmental Overconfidence Hindsight –Hindsight Bias “I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon” »Or, »20/20 hindsight vision »OMG didn’t you see that coming »I told you not to trust him/her »You are such an idiot the signs were there all along –Examples: »Stock Market Crash »9/11 Intuition “Trust the Force Luke” –Instincts

Scientific Attitude Critical Inquiry and a Scientific approach Curiosity Skepticism Humility Critical Thinking = smart thinking-examine assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions. Critical thinkers asks questions. Scientific Method - a self-correcting process for asking questions and observing nature’s answers. –Form Theory (“MY MOM IS LAME.”) –Hypothesis “testable predictions” (“MY MOM IS LAME BECAUSE SHE IS LAME BECAUSE SHE WON’T LET ME SEE MY FAVORITE BAND IN CONCERT.”) –Research Observation (ASK MOM, “ CAN I GO SEE THE MY FAVORITE BAND NICKELBACK IN CONCERT TONIGHT?” (CONDUCT A STUDY) –Operational Definition (“MY MOM MAY BE PRETTY COOL.”) (VIEW RESULTS ADJUST YOUR ORIGINAL PREDICTION) –Replicate

Advantage and disadvantage of –RESEARCH METHODS TESTS –RELIABLE – PRODUCE RESULTS THAT ARE CONSISTENT AND PREDICATBLE –VALID – MEASURE WHAT THEY ARE SUPPOSE TO MEASURE INTERVIEWS OBSERVATIONS THE CASE STUDY THE SURVEY –Wording Effects –Random Sampling

NATURALISTIC OBSERVATION CORRELATION CORRELATION AND CAUSATION ILLUSORY CORRELATIONS PERCEIVING ORDER IN RANDOM EVENTS EXPERIMENTATION –CAUSE AND EFFECT –EVALUATING THERAPIES –INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT