Revolution Spreads to South America

The Congress of Vienna = International Congress to re-make Europe after the downfall of Napoleon Main Figure = Prince Klemens von Metternich (President of the Congress) Major Players = –Great Britain – Prussia –Austria, –Russia

Napoleon’s Empire

Map after the Congress of Vienna

Latin American Society Divided Peninsulares = –People born in Spain –Government Officials Creoles = –Spanish blood born in South America –Military Officers 22 % of Population (1 st & 2 nd Estates)

Latin American Society Divided Mestizos & Mulattos = –Mixed Spanish, Indian, and African blood –15% of Pop. African Slaves –6% of Pop. Indians (Native) –56% of Pop. (3 rd Estate)

Revolution in Haiti French Colony, with 500,000 slaves Toussaint L’Ouverture = Led slave revolt against France (1801) Influenced by the French Revolution

Colonies Revolt Against Spain Simon Bolivar = Creole led Venezuela to Independence (1821) Jose De San Martin = Liberated Argentina, Peru, Chile to independence (1822) Both leaders: –Educated in Europe –Influenced by the Enlightenment –Formed a United States of South America “Gran Columbia”

Mexico Ends Spanish Rule Padre Miguel Hidalgo = –Well educated –Believed in the Enlightenment –Called for independence “El Grito de Dolores” Padre Jose Maria Morelos = –Continued Revolution after Hidalgo’s defeat Mexican Revolution =

Brazil Becomes a Nation Brazil = Colony of Portugal Napoleon takes over Portugal – Royal family escapes to Brazil “Bloodless” Revolution = Gained independence without violence