Unit 2: Westward Expansion & Antebellum America Westward Expansion, Sectionalism & Regional Differences, & Antebellum Period

Westward Expansion

The Nation Expands Since the population was growing fast, farmers needed land to use. Since the population was growing fast, farmers needed land to use. President Jefferson wanted to expand to the Pacific Ocean. President Jefferson wanted to expand to the Pacific Ocean. After the Revolution, the US gained all the land to the Mississippi River After the Revolution, the US gained all the land to the Mississippi River /watch?v=twFs9Vk6F0A /watch?v=twFs9Vk6F0A /watch?v=twFs9Vk6F0A /watch?v=twFs9Vk6F0A

Manifest Destiny Americans took on the belief of Manifest Destiny: belief that it was God’s will for the U.S. to expand all the way to the Pacific Ocean Americans took on the belief of Manifest Destiny: belief that it was God’s will for the U.S. to expand all the way to the Pacific Ocean

Louisiana Territory At first the Territory was owned by the Spanish. At first the Territory was owned by the Spanish. French ruler, Napoleon Bonaparte, took this territory from from Spain. French ruler, Napoleon Bonaparte, took this territory from from Spain. We bought the land for $15 mil in 1803 We bought the land for $15 mil in 1803 This doubled the size of the U.S. This doubled the size of the U.S.

Lewis & Clark President Jefferson chose to send Meriwether Lewis & William Clark to explore the Louisiana Territory in President Jefferson chose to send Meriwether Lewis & William Clark to explore the Louisiana Territory in 1804.

Lewis & Clark

Describe & map the area Describe & map the area Especially rivers! Especially rivers! Record the climate & soil conditions Record the climate & soil conditions Collect plant & animal life Collect plant & animal life Gain information on the Native Americans Gain information on the Native Americans Their Responsibilities…

We’re Not Alone! The Corps of Discovery The Corps of Discovery 45 men Total 45 men Total A group of army men A group of army men An Interpreter An Interpreter A Weaponry Repairman A Weaponry Repairman A Carpenter A Carpenter Clark’s childhood friend & Slave, York Clark’s childhood friend & Slave, York Others joined the corps along the way. Others joined the corps along the way. Sacagawea Sacagawea

Lewis & Clark Their discoveries made others want to move to this area. Their discoveries made others want to move to this area. The passage that people took from Missouri was called the Oregon Trail The passage that people took from Missouri was called the Oregon Trail

War of 1812 As settlers moved west they encountered Natives. As settlers moved west they encountered Natives. Many settlers were mad with the British because they encouraged the Natives to resist the settlers. Many settlers were mad with the British because they encouraged the Natives to resist the settlers. The British were also capturing American sailors and forcing them to work on British ships. The British were also capturing American sailors and forcing them to work on British ships.

War of 1812 On June 18 th, 1812 the US declared war on Great Britain. On June 18 th, 1812 the US declared war on Great Britain. During the war the British burned the city of Washington D.C. During the war the British burned the city of Washington D.C. The U.S. did finally win at the Battle of Fort McHenry The U.S. did finally win at the Battle of Fort McHenry

War of 1812 Many hoped that we would gain new lands by winning the war. Many hoped that we would gain new lands by winning the war. The Treaty of Ghent ended the war in 1814, The Treaty of Ghent ended the war in 1814, Stuck with the status quo. No new lands but encouraged people to go west. Stuck with the status quo. No new lands but encouraged people to go west.

The Era of Good Feelings With the end of the War of 1812, the US entered a period filled with a strong sense of Nationalism. With the end of the War of 1812, the US entered a period filled with a strong sense of Nationalism. Nationalism : A strong feeling of pride & devotion to your country Nationalism : A strong feeling of pride & devotion to your country

The Monroe Doctrine President James Monroe issued the Monroe Doctrine in President James Monroe issued the Monroe Doctrine in At this time many Latin American nations became independent. President Monroe didn’t want European countries to try to take control of them. At this time many Latin American nations became independent. President Monroe didn’t want European countries to try to take control of them. The doctrine stated that the U.S. wouldn’t tolerate ANY European influence in any independent nation of North or South America. The doctrine stated that the U.S. wouldn’t tolerate ANY European influence in any independent nation of North or South America.

Special Notice: All guests are welcome, but they cannot bring their guests. Special Notice: All guests are welcome, but they cannot bring their guests.

The Monroe Doctrine In reality the U.S. was not strong enough to back up The Monroe Doctrine. In reality the U.S. was not strong enough to back up The Monroe Doctrine. No European country ever tried to challenge the Monroe Doctrine. No European country ever tried to challenge the Monroe Doctrine.

The Missouri Compromise As more Americans settled out West, the issue of slavery caused division. As more Americans settled out West, the issue of slavery caused division. Northern states didn’t want new territories to be added as slave states. Southern states were afraid that if they were added as free states, the south would be at a political disadvantage. Northern states didn’t want new territories to be added as slave states. Southern states were afraid that if they were added as free states, the south would be at a political disadvantage.

The Missouri Compromise In 1819 Missouri was applying for statehood as a slave state. In 1819 Missouri was applying for statehood as a slave state. This would make the balance of slave & free states in Congress tilt in favor of slave states. This would make the balance of slave & free states in Congress tilt in favor of slave states. To help create a balance again, MO suggests that Maine be admitted as a free state. To help create a balance again, MO suggests that Maine be admitted as a free state.

The Missouri Compromise In the future, Congress would use the 36º30’ N line to decide how states would be admitted. In the future, Congress would use the 36º30’ N line to decide how states would be admitted. States north of the line would be free & states south of it would allow slavery. States north of the line would be free & states south of it would allow slavery.

Independence In 1821, Mexico gained its Independence from Spain. With this independence Mexico gained Texas. In 1821, Mexico gained its Independence from Spain. With this independence Mexico gained Texas. Many Americans were living in this area. Many Americans were living in this area.

Independence In 1834 General Santa Anna took power over the Mexican government and tightened control over Texas. In 1834 General Santa Anna took power over the Mexican government and tightened control over Texas. In response, Texans rebelled. In response, Texans rebelled. On March 2 nd 1836, Texas delegates declared the area to be independent. Santa Anna sent in the military. On March 2 nd 1836, Texas delegates declared the area to be independent. Santa Anna sent in the military.

The Alamo Texans took a stand against the military at an old mission called, The Alamo. Texans took a stand against the military at an old mission called, The Alamo. Santa Anna’s military were too strong. Santa Anna’s military were too strong. Every Texan that fought at the Alamo either died or was killed after being captured. Every Texan that fought at the Alamo either died or was killed after being captured.

Texan Independence After a series of battles, the Texans were able to defeat Santa Anna’s army. After a series of battles, the Texans were able to defeat Santa Anna’s army. He was captured. He was captured. The Mexican gov’t agreed to recognize Texas’s independence & withdraw troops to the Rio Grande River The Mexican gov’t agreed to recognize Texas’s independence & withdraw troops to the Rio Grande River

Annexing Texas Texas wanted to be annexed (added) to the US Texas wanted to be annexed (added) to the US Would it be a free state or a slave state? Would it be a free state or a slave state? Because of this Texas remained independent until Because of this Texas remained independent until In order to add Texas, Oregon would also be added. In order to add Texas, Oregon would also be added.

War with Mexico Mexico considered the annexation as an act of aggression. In 1845, President Polk sent General Zachary Taylor to the border with troops. He also sent John Slidell to Mexico to settle issues and negotiate a purchase of California & New Mexico. Mexico considered the annexation as an act of aggression. In 1845, President Polk sent General Zachary Taylor to the border with troops. He also sent John Slidell to Mexico to settle issues and negotiate a purchase of California & New Mexico.

War with Mexico The Mexican President refused to meet with Slidell. The Mexican President refused to meet with Slidell. President Polk ordered General Taylor to invade and war was declared on May 13 th President Polk ordered General Taylor to invade and war was declared on May 13 th 1846.

War with Mexico The US wins! The US wins! Treaty of Guadalupe-Hildalgo was signed to end the war on Feb. 2 nd It gave the US the power to take over New Mexico & California for a price. Treaty of Guadalupe-Hildalgo was signed to end the war on Feb. 2 nd It gave the US the power to take over New Mexico & California for a price. After the Treaty boundaries issues with Mexico still remained. President Pierce sent James Gadsden to purchase the land for the construction of a railroad. After the Treaty boundaries issues with Mexico still remained. President Pierce sent James Gadsden to purchase the land for the construction of a railroad. Gadsden Purchase: gave the US parts of present day New Mexico & Arizona in exchange for $10 million Gadsden Purchase: gave the US parts of present day New Mexico & Arizona in exchange for $10 million

California becomes a State In 1848, gold was discovered near Sacramento, CA. By the next year, the California Gold Rush of 1849 was in full swing. In 1848, gold was discovered near Sacramento, CA. By the next year, the California Gold Rush of 1849 was in full swing. The gold seekers that came to California during this time were known as 49ers The gold seekers that came to California during this time were known as 49ers

California becomes a State The issue of slavery kept Congress from admitting the state. Californians took matters into their own hands & drafted a state constitution. The issue of slavery kept Congress from admitting the state. Californians took matters into their own hands & drafted a state constitution. In September of 1850, The Compromise of 1850 admitted California as a free state. In September of 1850, The Compromise of 1850 admitted California as a free state.

Trail of Tears Expansion greatly affected Native Americans. The Cherokee tribe was prominent in Western NC and Northern GA. Expansion greatly affected Native Americans. The Cherokee tribe was prominent in Western NC and Northern GA. When gold was discovered in GA the US took over the land and forcibly moved the Cherokee When gold was discovered in GA the US took over the land and forcibly moved the Cherokee

Trail of Tears In 1830, Congress passed the Indian Removal Act, a law that allowed the removal & relocation of several Native American tribes from their homes to reservations in Oklahoma. In 1830, Congress passed the Indian Removal Act, a law that allowed the removal & relocation of several Native American tribes from their homes to reservations in Oklahoma. The 800 mile trek to Oklahoma was called The Trail of Tears The 800 mile trek to Oklahoma was called The Trail of Tears

Trail of Tears The Cherokee felt that the Indian Removal Act was unconstitutional. The Supreme Court agreed. President Andrew Jackson ignored the Supreme Court ruling and forced the Cherokee out of their land anyway. The Cherokee felt that the Indian Removal Act was unconstitutional. The Supreme Court agreed. President Andrew Jackson ignored the Supreme Court ruling and forced the Cherokee out of their land anyway.