DNA Structure and Function Homework #1 is posted Bonus #1 will be soon Discussions start M 9/10

Fig 7.2 Different strains of bacteria are injected into mice. How is information transferred between cells?

Fig 7.2 How is information transferred between cells?

Fig 7.2 How is information transferred between cells?

Fig 7.2 How is information transferred between cells?

What has happened to the bacteria? Fig 7.2

DNA is the transforming agent Fig 7.3

If these two can win a Nobel prize… James Watson and Francis Crick The Structure of DNA

Rosalind Franklin Data showing uniformity of DNA structure.

Fig Nucleotides have a sugar backbone

Fig This subtle difference in structure has profound effects.

Fig Plus four different bases

Together with a phosphate = nucleotide Fig 7.5

Together with a phosphate = nucleotide Fig 7.5

Fig 7.8 Connect nucleotides by covalent bond = strand (notice 5’-3’ bond)

Fig 7.8 DNA is typically double stranded and anti-parallel The strands are connected by hydrogen bonds

Rosalind Franklin Data showing uniformity of DNA structure.

Base pairing in DNA Figure 7-10 Fig 7.8

Two representations of the DNA double helix Figure 7-9 Fig 7.9

Fig 8.11 DNA stores information, but does not do anything. The information must be expressed to be useful.

a gene The relationship between DNA and genes promotercoding regionterminatornon-gene DNA

DNA Composition: In humans: Each cell contains ~6 billion base pairs of DNA. This DNA is ~2 meters long and 2 nm wide. ~97% does not directly code for amino acids In a single human cell only about 3-5% of genes are expressed at a time.

Width of DNA Length of human DNA in each cell

DNA Composition: In humans: Each cell contains ~6 billion base pairs of DNA. This DNA is ~2 meters long and 2 nm wide. ~3% directly codes for amino acids ~10% is genes In a single human cell only about 5-10% of genes are expressed at a time.

a gene - DNA used to produce RNA or protein The relationship between DNA and genes promotercoding regionterminatornon-gene DNA

Five Perspectives of a Gene

Genes act as units of heredity…storing and passing on information.

Genes act as units of heredity… storing and passing on information.

Genes are seen as a cause of disease

Sickle-cell anemia is caused by a single nucleotide change in the hemoglobin gene Fig 6.5

Genes code for proteins Fig 8.11

Five Perspectives of Genes: 1.Genes act as units of heredity 2.Genes are seen as a cause of disease 3.Genes code for proteins (we stopped here, and will continue with the 5 gene perspectives on F) 4.Genes act as switches, controlling development 5.Genes are replicators (selfish gene)