World War II

People to Know

Alliances Axis Germany Japan Italy Allied Britain France USSR U.S.A.

Signs of Foreign Danger Rise of dictators Joseph Stalin, Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini Germany rearms Ideology of expansionism

Causes of WWII Failure of the League of Nations U.S. and Germany not apart Militarism Invasion of Rhineland Feelings of nationalism Failure of appeasement Invasion of Poland Alliances

Failure of the League/Treaty War Guilt Clause Disarmament No bases in Rhineland Not apart of the League of Nations

Hitler’s Rise to Power=Problem 1919: Nazi Party 1933: Chancellor : rearms March 7, 1936: enters Rhineland 1938: Annexed Austria 1939: Takes control of Czech 1939: Invasion of Poland : the take over of France & Britain

Major Events Take over of France Battle of Britain Pearl Harbor- Dec 7, 1941

Japanese Empire Expanded spheres of influence in E. Asia WWI: apart of the Allies 1920’s-1930’s Economic Depression 1930: 65 mil ppl (needed resources) Expansion, Manchuria (Military) Kellogg-Briand Pact failed 1937: Chinese Invasion “Epidemic of world lawlessness is spreading”- FDR

U.S.A Isolationism So while hundreds are being killed…the US is…. “neutral” No loans No weapons Cash & Carry goods Did we learn from our WWII mistakes?

U.S. Invasion of Poland Wanted to send aid (FDR) Revision of Neutrality Acts (dead) 1940 (France conquered, Britain NEXT) 1940 Presidential Election Lend Lease Act 1941: $49 Billion Worth 1940: Japanese trade restrictions on US products (embargo, oil)

“ a day that will live in INFAMY”

U.S. Fights Back Selective Service Act: Boosted defense spending GI:16 Million Minorities fighting Tuskegee Airmen Navajo “code talker” 350K Women 300K Mexican Americans 25K Native Americans

U.S. Economy for War Heavy gov’t intervention in economy War Production Board: agency 300,000 Airplanes 80,000 landing crafts 100,000 tanks merchant ships 6 million rifles, machine guns 41 billion rounds of ammunition

U.S. Economy for War Increase need of employment Union membership rose Taxes paid for 41% of war cost $8.9Bil a year to $95.2 Bill a year $321 Billion $186 Bond sales Increased debt about 5X’s

Home Front Black Markets (higher priced goods) shortages led to rationing Movies and entertainment Read books and magazines Victory gardens Recycling Rosies

Atlantic Charter FDR & Churchill meet March 1941 Discuss war aim’s and guiding principles No territorial gains No territorial changes Respect’s ppl/countries form of political system Peace and safety within ppl’s boundaries Abandon the “use of force” BASIS of the UNITED NATIONS

Americans Join the Struggle Battle in the Atlantic “the wolf pack” North Africa Campaign Allied & Axis sent reinforcements May 1943 Axis troops surrendered Invasion of Italy Heavy fighting before/after Rome

War in the Soviet Union Broke pact with Stalin Invaded U.S.S.R. E. Europe gladly welcomed Hitler 10 days Soviets retreat?!? Lend-Lease helps Battle of Stalingrad Mil Soviets 330K Germans

Operation Overload Invasion of Normandy….from Britain June 6, ,600 invasion warcrafts and ships 25,000 airborne men Liberation of France Battle of the Bulge Largest battle of WWII Nazi’s saw the war was lost

War Ends in Europe Drive towards Germany from E & W April 1945: conquered Berlin

Holocaust Persecution of Jews Anti-Semitism Restrictions, murder, genocide Nazi Policies Nazi Police (SS) Kristallnacht (1938) Concentration and death camps Nuremberg Trials Nov 1945

War in the Pacific Japan attacks Island hopping

Manhattan Project Invasion or not Creation of a bomb Albert Einstein Field test July 1945

Decision to drop the Atomic Bomb? Invasion=millions of Americans would die Naval blockade Field Test Harry S. Truman FDR