A Man, a Plan, a Canal, Panama… Teddy Roosevelt and “Big Stick” Diplomacy Chapter 12, Section 3 November 3, 2010

Roosevelt Becomes President In 1900, William McKinley beats William Jennings Bryan (again) to win a second term as President. In 1900, William McKinley beats William Jennings Bryan (again) to win a second term as President. In 1901, he is shot by an anarchist in a Buffalo train station. In 1901, he is shot by an anarchist in a Buffalo train station. VP Teddy Roosevelt becomes the youngest president at 42 years old. VP Teddy Roosevelt becomes the youngest president at 42 years old.

Roosevelt and Imperialism TR wanted the U.S. to become a player on the world stage (IMPERIALISM). He thought the U.S. needed to have a role in shaping the “less civilized” countries in the world TR wanted the U.S. to become a player on the world stage (IMPERIALISM). He thought the U.S. needed to have a role in shaping the “less civilized” countries in the world

The U.S. and Asia The U.S. wants to trade with China and Japan. The U.S. wants to trade with China and Japan. This was a problem, because many European nations leased territory (known as LEASEHOLDS) in China. These areas were known as SPHERES of INFLUENCE. This, essentially, closes the door on U.S. trade with China This was a problem, because many European nations leased territory (known as LEASEHOLDS) in China. These areas were known as SPHERES of INFLUENCE. This, essentially, closes the door on U.S. trade with China

“Open Door Policy” McKinley’s Sec. of State John Hay supports the OPEN DOOR POLICY, where all countries could trade with China. McKinley’s Sec. of State John Hay supports the OPEN DOOR POLICY, where all countries could trade with China. European powers didn’t like this, but said okay. European powers didn’t like this, but said okay. In 1900, the U.S. helps put down the BOXER REBELLION in China, and keeps access to trade in Asia. In 1900, the U.S. helps put down the BOXER REBELLION in China, and keeps access to trade in Asia.

“The Great White Fleet” When TR becomes president, he works hard to keep trade open to the U.S., but things become tense with JAPAN (a rival for power in Asia). When TR becomes president, he works hard to keep trade open to the U.S., but things become tense with JAPAN (a rival for power in Asia). In 1907, TR sends the U.S. Navy on a tour to show how strong it was. It stops in Japan, and only makes the Japanese angrier. In 1907, TR sends the U.S. Navy on a tour to show how strong it was. It stops in Japan, and only makes the Japanese angrier.

“Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick…” Roosevelt used this African proverb to explain his idea about foreign policy. Roosevelt used this African proverb to explain his idea about foreign policy. He felt that if the U.S. showed its military strength, it would have to do less fighting. He felt that if the U.S. showed its military strength, it would have to do less fighting.

The Panama Canal Roosevelt felt that building a canal between N. and S. America would increase the U.S.’s power. Roosevelt felt that building a canal between N. and S. America would increase the U.S.’s power. In 1903, Panama (with the support of the U.S.), declares its independence from Columbia, and allows the PANAMA CANAL to be built. In 1903, Panama (with the support of the U.S.), declares its independence from Columbia, and allows the PANAMA CANAL to be built.

Roosevelt Corollary In 1823, President James Monroe had said that the U.S. wouldn’t bother with European colonies in the Western Hemisphere, but that new European colonization needed to stop. In 1823, President James Monroe had said that the U.S. wouldn’t bother with European colonies in the Western Hemisphere, but that new European colonization needed to stop. In 1904, Roosevelt added that the U.S. had the right to intervene in Latin American affairs if they could not remain stable. In 1904, Roosevelt added that the U.S. had the right to intervene in Latin American affairs if they could not remain stable. In 1905, he sent troops to the Dominican Republic before the Europeans could do so. In 1905, he sent troops to the Dominican Republic before the Europeans could do so.

“Latin” America = Central + South America… Everything in the Western Hemisphere South of the U.S. “Latin” America = Central + South America… Everything in the Western Hemisphere South of the U.S.

“Dollar Diplomacy” When Taft becomes president, he wanted BUSINESS to help Latin America. When Taft becomes president, he wanted BUSINESS to help Latin America. He thought this would help U.S. trade (and profits), and would help Latin American countries overcome poverty. He thought this would help U.S. trade (and profits), and would help Latin American countries overcome poverty. This is known as DOLLAR DIPLOMACY (also known as “substituting dollars for bullets). This is known as DOLLAR DIPLOMACY (also known as “substituting dollars for bullets).