Andy Molina Psychology Period 1 Bipolar Disorder Andy Molina Psychology Period 1

Bipolar Disorder: Basic Definitions Mania Episode Very active Hardly sleep Lasts about a week Talkativeness Doing activities/Consequence Would most likely require Hospitalization Hypomania Episode All the crazy with half the impairment Lasts about four days Mixed Episode Mania and depression put together Difference: Severity

Bipolar Disorder: Basic Definitions/Associated Features Two poles: Mania and depression “An intense and very disruptive experience of extreme elation, or euphoria, possibly alternating with major depressive episodes.”

Bipolar Disorder: Subtypes Bipolar I And II Feeling intense excitement that might follow with extreme depression episodes that alternate Bipolar I exhibits at least Manic Episode, but depressiveness isn’t or wasn’t present Bipolar II exhibits many depressive episodes,1 hypomania ep., but no manic ep.

Associated Features DSM-IV-TR Criteria Bipolar I Single Manic Episode Presence of only one Manic episode and no Major Depressive Episodes The Manic Episode is not better accounted for by Schizoaffective Disorder and is not superimposed on Schizophrenia, Schizophreniform Disorder, Delusion Disorder, or Psychotic Disorder Not otherwise Specified

Associated Features Bipolar II Presence (or history) of one or more Major Depressive Episode Presence(or history) of at least one Hypomanic Episode There has never been a Manic episode or Mixed Episode The Manic Episode is not better accounted for by Schizoaffective Disorder and is not superimposed on Schizophrenia, Schizophreniform Disorder, Delusion Disorder, or Psychotic Disorder Not otherwise Specified The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning

Mania and Depression alternation Bipolar Mixed Mania and Depression alternation Bipolar Mania Restless Irritable etc. Hypomania Lasts about 4 days and less severe Depression Tired, less active etc.

Etiology Biological Genetics-With one parent 30%/ two = 50%-75%, Multiple genes are involved Psychological Feelings of rejection Neglectful parents(Unstable relationship) Occupied with need to be loved by others Use mania as a defensive response to feeling helpless Behavioral and cognitive Reduction of positive reinforcement No incentive Stressful experiences Sensitized by early experiences to react in a way

Prevalence Bipolar disorder less common Both sex’s 16% in U.S. Men- Manic Woman- Depression People in their twenties Fraternal twins have a one in five Misdiagnosis may occur

treatment Biological Antidepressants Lithium Monoamine oxidase inhibitors Severe Cases require ECT Light Therapy for seasonal depressed people Sleep deprivation

Treatment Psychological Behavioral Therapy Change environment Reinforcing to seek activities Giving Homework Self reinforcement Cognitive Therapy Suggestions for Negative thoughts

Prognosis Death rates increase People with Bipolar I/ 10-15% Commit suicide People with Heart problems Unpredictable Treatments Survival rates increase Very effective but it is difficult to assume that it works Sometimes patients need more than one medication

References American Psychiatric Association. (2010). DSM-IV-TR. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association Halgin. R.P. & Whitbourne, S.K. (2005). Abnormal Psychology: clinical perspectives on psychological disorders. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Pan, C. (2012). Ask the doctor... "What are bipolar I and II disorders?" b+s medical. Retrieved from http:// web.ebscohost.com/src/detail?sid=76

Discussion How can the learned helplessness model be associated with Bipolar disorder?