KINGDOM ANIMALIA Fun stuff!!

ANIMALIA : 9 MAIN PHYLA Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminths Nematoda Annelida Mollusca Arthropoda Echinodermata Chordata

3 GERM OR CELL LAYERS Ectoderm – outer layer cover Mesoderm – Muscle & organ layer Endoderm – Digestive tract

PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS IN ANIMALIA

PHYLUM PORIFERA Sponges Simple creatures Marine & fresh water No true tissues, so no organs No specialized cellular function Most are Hermaphroditic - perform female & male functions Can reproduce sexually or asexually Sessile – do not move Suspension feeders If you cut a sponge, it will spontaneously reaggregate back into a sponges

ARE YOU SPONGEWORTHY?

PORIFERA PHYSIOLOGY Water flows into the sponge through Porocytes, entering a cavity called Spongocoel The spongocoel is lined with feeding cells called choanocytes Choanocytes beat their flagella to create a current that draws water into the porocytes Ameobocytes – transfer nutrients to other cells of the sponge’s body

CNIDARIA Eumetazoans Jellyfish & Corals Radial Symmetry Lack Mesoderm 2 Body arrangements: Polyp – Asexual, cylinder-shaped, & Attached Medusa – Sexual, flat, and Roams for food Use tentacles to capture & eat prey

CNIDARIA

QUESTIONS Are Cnidarians protosomes or deuterosomes? How do sponges feed? What are Choanocytes & what is their function?

PLATYHELMINTHS Flatworms Acoelomates Protosomes Bilaterally symmetrical Some Cephalization – Formation of head structure 3 Important forms Flukes – Parasitic & alternate between asex & sex reprod. Planarians – Free-living carnivores in fresh water Tapeworms – Parasitic flatworms that tend to live in vertebrates, like humans!!

ROTIFERA Pseudocoelomates Bilateral Symmetry Separate mouth & anus Microscopic True digestive canal

NEMATODA Roundworms Protosomes Pseudocoelomates Bilaterally Symmetric Some cause Trichinosis GI illness due to tainted pork

MOLLUSCA Snails, slugs, octopus, & squid Protosomes Coelomates – full digestive systems Soft body with calcium-containing shell Bilateral symmetry Bivalves – Clams and Oysters Have hinged shells that are divided into 2 parts

ANNELIDA Segmented Worm Earthworms & Leaches Protosome, Bilaterally Symmetrical, Coelomates Digestive tract is tube-within-a-tube Hermaphroditic Blood with hemoglobin Closed circulatory system Gas diffusion across skin Nephridia used for excretion – precursor to kidneys

EARTHWORM ANATOMY

ARTHROPODA Protosome Coelomate Jointed Appendages Segmented: head, thorax, & abdomen Chitinous exoskeleton May have a larval stage Open circulatory system Malphigian tubules – removes nitrogenous waste Trachea – air ducts, bring air in from the environment Some have book lungs or gills

ECHINODERMATA Sea stars Deuterosome coelomates Sessile or slow moving Bilateral symmetry as embryo, but reverts to primitive form of symmetry (radial) as an adult Water Vascular system Sexual Reproduction – External fertilization Asexual Reproduction – fragmentation & regeneration Calcium based endoskeleton

ECHINODERMATA PHYSIOLOGY

Examples of Echinoderms

CHORDATA Deuterosome coelomates Invertebrates & Vertebrates Vertebrates – possessing backbone Dorsal Hollow Nerve Cord – forms the nervous system & becomes the Brain & spinal cord Notochord – Long support rod that is replaced by bone in vertebrates Pharyngeal Gill slits – functions in breathing or feeding Tail – Lost in many animals by birth

CHORDATES Can be homeothermic (homo – same) or poikilothermic Homeothermic – maintains consistent body temperature Birds & Mammals Poikilothermic – Cold blooded, attain heat from external environment Iguanas and cold environment

COMPLETE THE TABLE Phylum Example Symmetry Coelom -Some Germ Layers Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminths Nematoda Annelida Mollusca Arthropoda Echinodermata Chordata

COMPLETED TABLE Phylum Example Symmetry Coelom -Some Germ Layers Porifera Sponge ----- ------ 1 Cnidaria Hydra Radial Platyhelminths Planaria Bi Acoelomate P Nematoda Pinworm Pseudo- 2 Annelida Earthworm Coelomate 3 Mollusca Clam Arthropoda Insect Echinodermata Starfish Deutero Chordata Dog/Human