The United Nations & Internatl Peacekeeping Conflict Day 5

Objectives Review history behind creation of UN. Review history behind creation of UN. Identify goals of the UN. Identify goals of the UN. Examine structure and function of UN organs. Examine structure and function of UN organs. Define peacekeeping. Define peacekeeping. Analyze the various roles of UN peacekeepers. Analyze the various roles of UN peacekeepers. Discuss role and effectiveness of UN. Discuss role and effectiveness of UN.

Warm Up Identify three reasons conflict may exist… Identify three reasons conflict may exist… ResourcesResources PoliticsPolitics ValuesValues

Reviewing Conflict Within 1 person? Within 1 person? IntrapersonalIntrapersonal 2 or more groups? 2 or more groups? IntergroupIntergroup 2 or more people? 2 or more people? InterpersonalInterpersonal Problem for everyone? Problem for everyone? Global Conflict Within 1 group? Within 1 group? Intragroup Problem between 2 or more nations? Problem between 2 or more nations? International

United Nations Helps stabilize international relations and monitor global events. Helps stabilize international relations and monitor global events.History Post WWI- League of Nations Post WWI- League of Nations Post WWII- Yalta Conference Post WWII- Yalta Conference Oct 24, charter nations Oct 24, charter nations

General UN Membership 192 member states 192 member states Pay dues Pay dues Budget ($5.16 b) Budget ($5.16 b) Peacekeeping costs different ($8 b)Peacekeeping costs different ($8 b) Send troops for UN activities Send troops for UN activities

Goals of the U.N. Maintain international peace & security Maintain international peace & security Put down threats to peace & aggressive acts Put down threats to peace & aggressive acts Promote respect for international law Promote respect for international law Protect human rights and freedoms Protect human rights and freedoms Encourage social and economic progress Encourage social and economic progress

Handout: Structure of the UN Identify the purpose, membership structure, and powers of the following branches: Identify the purpose, membership structure, and powers of the following branches: General AssemblyGeneral Assembly Security CouncilSecurity Council SecretariatSecretariat Economic and Social CouncilEconomic and Social Council Court of JusticeCourt of Justice Ban Ki-moon: S. Korea

General Assembly Purpose: Open, deliberative forum Purpose: Open, deliberative forum Membership: Membership: All member nations (192)All member nations (192) 1 vote per delegation1 vote per delegation 2/3 rd vote to pass resolutions/mandates2/3 rd vote to pass resolutions/mandates Function/Powers: Function/Powers: Elect members of other organs,Elect members of other organs, Debate issues and make (non-binding) recommendationsDebate issues and make (non-binding) recommendations Approve budget and spendingApprove budget and spending Suspend or revoke membershipSuspend or revoke membership

Security Council Purpose: Maintain peace and security Purpose: Maintain peace and security Membership: Membership: 5 permanent members (China, France, Britain, US, Russia),5 permanent members (China, France, Britain, US, Russia), 10 non-perm members (2 yr terms)10 non-perm members (2 yr terms) 9/15 votes to take action, including all 5 perm9/15 votes to take action, including all 5 perm Function/Powers: Function/Powers: Investigate and mediate disputes (binding decisions)Investigate and mediate disputes (binding decisions) Apply political and economic sanctionsApply political and economic sanctions Take military action when necessaryTake military action when necessary

Secretariat Purpose: Carry out daily operations Purpose: Carry out daily operations Membership: Membership: Secretary General (Ban Ki-moon)Secretary General (Ban Ki-moon) ~50K+ workers in various agencies and offices (NYC main)~50K+ workers in various agencies and offices (NYC main) Function/Powers: Function/Powers: Administer programs and policiesAdminister programs and policies Create press releasesCreate press releases

Econ and Social Council Purpose: Promote higher standard of living, econ and social progress Purpose: Promote higher standard of living, econ and social progress Membership: Membership: 54 members- regional representation54 members- regional representation 3 year terms3 year terms 1 vote per nation1 vote per nation Function/Powers: Function/Powers: Formulate policyFormulate policy Initiate studies concerning econ/soc issuesInitiate studies concerning econ/soc issues Call international summits (mtgs)Call international summits (mtgs)

Internatl Court of Justice Purpose: Settle disputes of internatl law Purpose: Settle disputes of internatl law Membership: Membership: 15 Justices (independent once elected)15 Justices (independent once elected) 9 year terms9 year terms Peace Palace (The Hague, Amsterdam)Peace Palace (The Hague, Amsterdam) Function/Powers: Function/Powers: Nations submitting disputes agree to decisionsNations submitting disputes agree to decisions Advise organs on legal questionsAdvise organs on legal questions

Trusteeship Council Purpose: Oversee “trust territories” (11 nations w/out govt following WW2) Purpose: Oversee “trust territories” (11 nations w/out govt following WW2) Membership: 5 Perm Security Nations Membership: 5 Perm Security Nations Function: None, all territories est self- govt eventually Function: None, all territories est self- govt eventually

Issues and Controversies No real power, non-binding No real power, non-binding No army No army National sovereignty National sovereignty Imbalance of power Imbalance of power Inefficiency Inefficiency Underfunding Underfunding

Homework Review Standing army? Standing army? Definition? Definition? Principles? Principles? Same? Same? Consent and Request? Consent and Request? 4 Roles? 4 Roles?

Peacekeeping Help countries torn by conflict create conditions for sustainable peace Help countries torn by conflict create conditions for sustainable peace Military Police Civilian

Process Disputes Disputes G.A. debate S.C. recommendation Open Conflict Open Conflict Sanctions Peacekeeping Operations Military Action

Rules Sec Gen- Director Sec Gen- Director Consent/Request Consent/Request No Force No Force(Self-defense) No internal interference No internal interference No favoritism No favoritism

“Peacekeeping” Defined Peacekeeping Peacekeeping Defined partiesDefined parties Conflict overConflict over Keep est peaceKeep est peace Peacemaking Peacemaking Defined partiesDefined parties Midst of fightingMidst of fighting End conflict and forge peace treatyEnd conflict and forge peace treaty Peacebuilding Peacebuilding Undefined groups Midst fighting/anarchy No infrastructure No rule of law End conflict and rebuild ground up

Operations

Activity Read article on the effectiveness of UN… Read article on the effectiveness of UN… Is UN peacekeeping effective? Is it necessary?Is UN peacekeeping effective? Is it necessary? Aside from peacekeeping, does the UN perform valuable services for the global community?Aside from peacekeeping, does the UN perform valuable services for the global community?

Closure Is the UN successful? Is the UN successful? What could be done to change the situation? What could be done to change the situation?

Homework Wiki Post: What lies ahead for the United Nations? What should the role of the UN be in the new century, if any? Wiki Post: What lies ahead for the United Nations? What should the role of the UN be in the new century, if any? Continue research on conflict for informational product. Continue research on conflict for informational product.