JEFFERSON’S PRESIDENCY Expanding the Boundaries of the New Nation

Election of 1800 Why did Jefferson call it a “revolution?” Why did Jefferson call it a “revolution?” 1 st peaceful transfer of power 1 st peaceful transfer of power Democratic-Republicans replaced Federalists Democratic-Republicans replaced Federalists Jefferson & Burr tied 73 electoral votes Jefferson & Burr tied 73 electoral votes decided by House of Representatives decided by House of Representatives strong positive response by the people strong positive response by the people “We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists.” “We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists.”

Jefferson’s Program: An Agrarian Vision nation of independent farmers nation of independent farmers morals & values associated with country living morals & values associated with country living abundant land so people had breathing space abundant land so people had breathing space no need to crowd into cities no need to crowd into cities elevated the common man elevated the common man with education people will make correct political decisions with education people will make correct political decisions walked to his inauguration walked to his inauguration dressed simply dressed simply ate at round tables so no one at head ate at round tables so no one at head

Jefferson’s Program: Changing the Role of Government less power for the federal government less power for the federal government smaller government (less government officials & smaller military) smaller government (less government officials & smaller military) lower taxes (got rid of excise on whiskey) lower taxes (got rid of excise on whiskey) reduced national debt (used tariffs & land sales) reduced national debt (used tariffs & land sales) allowed Alien & Sedition Acts to expire; released those imprisoned under them allowed Alien & Sedition Acts to expire; released those imprisoned under them

Defining the Role & Powers of the Judiciary Judiciary Act of 1801 Judiciary Act of 1801 Adams packed courts with Federalist judges with “midnight appointments” Adams packed courts with Federalist judges with “midnight appointments” Adams appointed John Marshall Chief Justice Adams appointed John Marshall Chief Justice Marbury v. Madison Marbury v. Madison Judiciary Act unconstitutional Judiciary Act unconstitutional “It is emphatically the province and duty of the Judicial Department to say what the law is.” “It is emphatically the province and duty of the Judicial Department to say what the law is.” principle of judicial review established principle of judicial review established

The “West” & Beyond land between Appalachian Mts & Mississippi River land between Appalachian Mts & Mississippi River thousands settling there thousands settling there Kentucky & Tennessee states in 1800, Ohio 1803 Kentucky & Tennessee states in 1800, Ohio 1803 France & Spain arguing over possession of Louisiana Territory (between Mississippi River & Rocky Mts France & Spain arguing over possession of Louisiana Territory (between Mississippi River & Rocky Mts Captain Robert Gray established US claims to Pacific Northwest 1792 Captain Robert Gray established US claims to Pacific Northwest 1792 Russian & English claims to Northwest Russian & English claims to Northwest Spain in California Spain in California

Napoleon Changes His Mind Spain gave Louisiana Territory back to France in 1800 Spain gave Louisiana Territory back to France in 1800 Napoleon planned to build North American empire Napoleon planned to build North American empire fighting the slave revolt in Haiti depleted French resources fighting the slave revolt in Haiti depleted French resources France engaged in expensive war with England France engaged in expensive war with England Napoleon abandoned hopes of North American empire Napoleon abandoned hopes of North American empire good timing for Jefferson good timing for Jefferson

The Louisiana Purchase farmers & merchants sent goods down Mississippi River to New Orleans for shipment farmers & merchants sent goods down Mississippi River to New Orleans for shipment Spain closed New Orleans to Americans before turning it over to France Spain closed New Orleans to Americans before turning it over to France Western settlers wanted war against France & Spain Western settlers wanted war against France & Spain Jefferson offered to buy New Orleans Jefferson offered to buy New Orleans Napoleon offered him all of Louisiana Territory Napoleon offered him all of Louisiana Territory

Jefferson’s Dilemma strict constructionist strict constructionist needed land to realize his vision of an America of farmers needed land to realize his vision of an America of farmers justified purchase on basis of national security justified purchase on basis of national security April 30, 1803 Louisiana Territory part of America April 30, 1803 Louisiana Territory part of America $15 million (3 cents/acre) $15 million (3 cents/acre) doubled size of US doubled size of US

Lewis & Clark Expedition Corps of Discovery Corps of Discovery find Northwest Passage (water route to Pacific) find Northwest Passage (water route to Pacific) explore Missouri River explore Missouri River study plants & animals study plants & animals interact peacefully with Native Americans, study their cultures interact peacefully with Native Americans, study their cultures left St. Louis May 1804, returned 1806 left St. Louis May 1804, returned 1806 kept detailed journals kept detailed journals

Lewis & Clark Expedition 40 men traveled up the Missouri River 40 men traveled up the Missouri River reached North Dakota November 1804 reached North Dakota November 1804 spent winter with Mandan Indians spent winter with Mandan Indians set out in spring of 1805 set out in spring of 1805 joined by French trapper, wife, & baby joined by French trapper, wife, & baby wife Sacagawea was Shoshone, became their guide (15 yrs old) wife Sacagawea was Shoshone, became their guide (15 yrs old)

Lewis & Clark Expedition reached the Great Falls of the Missouri reached the Great Falls of the Missouri on to the Rocky Mts on to the Rocky Mts obtained horses & help crossing the mountains from the Shoshone (chief Sacagawea’s brother) obtained horses & help crossing the mountains from the Shoshone (chief Sacagawea’s brother) followed Columbia River to Pacific Ocean followed Columbia River to Pacific Ocean spent winter on Pacific Coast spent winter on Pacific Coast returned to St. Louis returned to St. Louis brought back geographic & scientific information brought back geographic & scientific information their expedition sparked more interest in the West their expedition sparked more interest in the West

Images of the Lewis & Clark Expedition: Where & How They Traveled

Images of the Lewis & Clark Expedition: The Missouri River

Images of the Lewis & Clark Expedition: Columbia River to the Pacific Ocean

Images of the Lewis & Clark Expedition: The Rocky Mountains

Images of the Lewis & Clark Expedition: Sacagawea (“Bird Woman”)