Chapter 5 Colonial Society on the Eve of Revolution

Growing Population Massive population growth in 13 original Massive population growth in 13 original Shifting balance of power Shifting balance of power 4 major cities; 90% lived in rural areas 4 major cities; 90% lived in rural areas

Different Ethnicities Mostly English with small ethnic pockets Mostly English with small ethnic pockets 6% of population in 1775= German 6% of population in 1775= German 7%= Scots-Irish (Paxton Boys protest) 7%= Scots-Irish (Paxton Boys protest) 5%= French Huguenots, Welsh, Dutch, Swedes, Jews, Swiss, Scots-Highlanders 5%= French Huguenots, Welsh, Dutch, Swedes, Jews, Swiss, Scots-Highlanders 20% = African slaves (African American traditions) 20% = African slaves (African American traditions) Multicultural society Multicultural society

The Structure of Colonial Society Beginning of 1700’s= many opportunities Beginning of 1700’s= many opportunities “Europeanization” of America “Europeanization” of America Limited amounts of land  Allegheny barrier Limited amounts of land  Allegheny barrier Class discrepancy in South Class discrepancy in South Fear of slave revolts Fear of slave revolts

Colonial Trade Triangular Trade Triangular Trade Manufacturing Manufacturing Trade imbalance= need for new markets Trade imbalance= need for new markets Molasses Act 1733  smuggling and bribery Molasses Act 1733  smuggling and bribery

Official Churches 2 tax supported churches (Anglican and Congregational) 2 tax supported churches (Anglican and Congregational) Anglican= Georgia, N & S Carolina, Virginia, Maryland and part of NY Anglican= Georgia, N & S Carolina, Virginia, Maryland and part of NY Less fire and brimstone Less fire and brimstone Congregational= New England except RI Congregational= New England except RI More religious tolerance More religious tolerance

The Great Awakening The religious fervor weakening The religious fervor weakening Threat of liberal ideas (Arminians) Threat of liberal ideas (Arminians) Full membership to battle “heresies” Full membership to battle “heresies” Great Awakening of 1730’s-40’s  spiritual revival with Jonathan Edwards Great Awakening of 1730’s-40’s  spiritual revival with Jonathan Edwards “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” George Whitefield- emotional theatrics George Whitefield- emotional theatrics “New Light” vs. “Old Light” “New Light” vs. “Old Light”

The Great Awakening Awakening= revitalization, undermined old clergy, created breaks in Churches Awakening= revitalization, undermined old clergy, created breaks in Churches Missionary work Missionary work True American solidarity True American solidarity

Colonial Education No longer just for wealthy boys No longer just for wealthy boys Good Christians (New England towns vs. Southern plantations) Good Christians (New England towns vs. Southern plantations) Focus less on independent thinking Focus less on independent thinking University of Pennsylvania University of Pennsylvania

Pioneer Presses Too busy/poor to read books Too busy/poor to read books Pamphlets, journals, leaflets, newspapers Pamphlets, journals, leaflets, newspapers Colonial grievances, European news Colonial grievances, European news Zenger Case Zenger Case Some freedom of the press Some freedom of the press