“Put Them Out & Keep Them Out” – Philadelphia Inquirer

“What a Year Has Brought Forth” – NY World

 Who?  Why?

 Why? 1917, The Bolshevik Revolution Russia becomes the United Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR) Extreme Patriotism during WWI  Why is Communism so bad?  No private ownership (give more to “nobodies”) Impact on our economy  No personal rights/freedoms  Not democratic  FEAR OF SPREADING  Also - Godless  70,000 in America & growing?  Who? communists, socialists, anarchists, and other dissidents

 June 14, 1919 a bomb blew up in front of Mitchell Palmer’s home (Attorney General)  J. Edgar Hoover named special assistant (later director FBI) – purpose hunt down suspected Communists, Socialists and Anarchists  Used Sedition Act (passed during WWI, 1918)  Federal crime to criticize government or Constitution The Case Against the Reds - Palmer "tongues of revolutionary heat were licking the alters of the churches, leaping into the belfry of the school bell, crawling into the sacred corners of American homes, seeking to replace marriage vows with libertine laws, burning up the foundations of society."

 Palmer Raids – 1920  Radicals and left wing organizations  10,000 arrested 7, Nov 1919 – 247 deported  Held without trials or evidence  May Day  32 states = illegal to display red flag of communism  NY legislature expelled 5 elected Socialist leaders  Clothing sales man CT – 6 mnths - “Lenin is smart”

 Sacco & Vanzetti  What do the charges, trial, conviction & execution show?

 S & V still killed  Residual impacts…

 Quota Act of 1921 Purpose: Reduce Immigration, especially from S & E Europe Use census of 1910 – 3% of any given group is allowed in USA each year  1 million Italians in the USA in 1910, 3% of that allowed in USA each year  20 million French in USA in 1910, 3% of that allowed in the USA each year  Immigration Act of 1924 Brought number down to 2%

“If Capital & Labor Don’t Pull Together” – Chicago Tribune

“While We Rock the Boat” – Washington Times

“Keeping Warm” – Los Angeles Times

“Coming Out of the Smoke” – New York World

“Striking Back” – New York Evening World

 Why is this happening now?

 Strikes = as "crimes against society," conspiracies against the government," and "plots to establish communism."  Eugene Debs & WWI anti-war stance  Strikes not patriotic  Demand higher wages, means less profits for owners  Strikes cut into profits  Higher wages cut into profits  Less profits less competitive with foreign nations  many of workers immigrants Suspicious (trying to change America) …who cares about them?