THE REFORMATION ITS CAUSES AND ITS CONSEQUENCES.

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Presentation transcript:

THE REFORMATION

ITS CAUSES AND ITS CONSEQUENCES

CHRISTIANITY Eastern Orthodoxy Roman Catholicism Protestantism

The Reformation: The 16th century religious movement marked by the rejection or modification of some Roman Catholic doctrines and practices and the establishment of the Protestant churches

Counter Reformation: The 16 th century reform movement in the Roman Catholic Church that followed and responded to the challenges of the Protestant Reformation

The Reformation: THE CAUSES

POLITICAL CAUSES

Rise of the Nation- states brought National Monarchs into conflict with the old principle of religious supremacy

Many Monarchs now viewed the Pope as a foreign ruler and a rival for their power

The Papacy stood in the way of centralization and consolidation

ECONOMIC CAUSES

Monarchs were jealous of the great wealth and lands of the Church

Secular rulers wanted to keep wealth in their local areas

Religious rules and restrictions inhibited economic growth

The growing Middle Class sought approval for its accumulation of wealth

SOCIAL CAUSES

The Middle Class wanted its new status based on wealth recognized

The Middle Class wanted to be reassured of its place in heaven

The peasants wanted greater social significance

INTELLECTUAL CAUSES

The Renaissance brought the values of Humanism, Individualism, Secularism, and Rationalism

Individualism and Humanism: People wanted a more personal relationship with God

Rationalism and Humanism encouraged a questioning attitude and challenge to authority

Secularism increased Nationalistic attitudes

RELIGIOUS CAUSES

Church prestige declined in the pre- Renaissance period

The Papacy had grown worldly and corrupt

Nepotism, Simony, Pluralism, Absenteeism, Ignorance, and Immorality brought criticism

The sale of Indulgences was highly criticized

Past attempts at reform within the Church had largely failed

TECHNOLOGICAL CAUSE

New ideas spread rapidly with the printing press

RESULTS, EFFECTS, CONSEQUENCES and/or IMPACT

The Loss of Religious Unity in Europe

Nation-states aligned: Catholic vs. Protestant

VIOLENCE OVER RELIGION RAGED,

Religion ceased to be a major cause for warfare in Europe after 1650

Secularism increased in all areas of life

The Power of National Monarchs (Secular Rulers) increased

Influence of the Church and religion in people’s lives began to decrease

Nationalism became more important to the common people

Nations re-aligned along the lines of National Interest

National interest became the new motivation for warfare

Politiques or “political monarchs” valued national unity and power over religious uniformity

Many rulers became religiously tolerant to keep religious peace

The Reformation increased the influence of Individualism

Protestantism Encouraged the Rise of Democracy

The Reformation increased Education and Literacy

The scientific method was born and grew in influence

Materialism increased: The Reformation helped cause the growth of capitalism

The Middle Class continued to grow in numbers and influence

Europe moved toward Religious Toleration SLOWLY!

THE END