Algal blooms

WATER POLLUTANT TYPES OF WATER POLLUTION-CHEMICALS ETC. WATER BORNE DISEASES EUTROPHICATION SEWAGE TREATMENT OXYGEN SAG CURVE BIOACCUMULATION AND BIOMAGNIFICATION SOLUTIONS

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 12.3 Lake Chad

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 12.5 Water Budget ATMOSPHERE Contains 12,600 km 3 of water Evaporation 271 km 3 /day About 1/4 of total global precipitation falls on land Precipitation 989 km 3 /day Most water flux occurs between the oceans and the atmosphere 888 km 3 /day Precipitation OCEANS Contain 1,230,000,000 km3 of water 170 km 3 /day Most of the rain that falls on land evaporates back to the atmosphere from land surfaces and plant leaves (evapotranspiration). LAND Streams, lakes, and groundwater contain 4,124,200 km3 of water 101 km 3 /day Runoff and groundwater

Disease organisms Typhoid-bacteria Dysentary-bacteria or amoeba Schistosomiasis worm Polio-virus Cholera-bacteria

WATER POLLUTION POLLUTANTS DISEASE ORGANISMS SEWAGE TREATMENT OXYGEN SAG CURVE EUTROPHICATION

BOD-BIOLOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND EXPRESSED IN mgO 2 per liter of H 2 O Amount of oxygen needed to gobble up organic chemical Sewage entering a sewage plants has a BOD of 295mgO2/l-influent Sewage leaving a sewage plant should have a BOD of 5mgO2/liter-effluent

SEWAGE TREATMENT PRIMARY TREATMENT-SETTLING OUT HEAVY ITEMS SECONDARY TREATMENT a. activated sludge b. trickling filter c. oxidation ponds

eutrophication G7ao G7ao

wp&NR=1&v=XUCTif22IwQ

OQUM

Runoff from land

BIOMAGNIFICATION AND BIOACCUMULATION

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. DDT concentration: increase of 10 million times DDT in fish-eating birds 25 ppm DDT in large fish 2 ppm DDT in small fish 0.5 ppm DDT in zooplankton 0.04 ppm DDT in water ppm

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. DDT in large fish 2 ppm DDT in small fish 0.5 ppm DDT in zooplankton 0.04 ppm DDT in water ppm