Ort, Datum Autor Tasks of the German Working Group on Energy Balances Oslo City group on energy statistics Oslo, 6-8. February Dr. Hans-Joachim Ziesing

The institutional arrangement Unlike most of the other countries the energy balances in Germany are compiled by a non- governmental institution This is the „Working Group on Energy Balances“ (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen - AGEB -), founded in 1971 Members of the AGEB are six associations of the energy industry and three research instituts

Members of the Working Group on Energy Balances (6 associations of energy industry)  BGW - Association of the German Gas and Water Industry, Berlin  DEBRIV - German Lignite Industry Association, Cologne  GVSt - General Association of the German Hard Coal Industry, Essen  MWV - Association of the German Petroleum Industry, Hamburg  VDEW - German Electricity Association, Berlin  VIK - Association of the Energy and Power Generation Industry, Essen

Members of the Working Group on Energy Balances (3 research instituts)  DIW Berlin - German Institute for Economic Research  EWI - Institute of Energy Economics at the University of Cologne  RWI - Rhenish-Westphalian Institute for Economic Research Beside this: Cooperation with the Working Group Renewable Energies Statistics at the Federal Ministry of Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety

Targets of the Working Group on Energy Balances (1) The main targets are  evaluating statistics from all the fields of the energy industry on the basis of uniform criteria,  compiling the information available in a coherent form and  making the facts and figures available to the public as Energy Balances Along with the main Energy Balance a Satellite Balance for Renewable Energies is compiled

Targets of the Working Group on Energy Balances (2) Besides compiling and publishing the energy balance as a full matrix with 58 sectors and 30 energy sources the Working Group prepares periodically  so-called evaluation tables with detailed informations on energy consumption by sectors and energy sources (in summer time)  estimates of the quarterly primary energy consumption (in spring, summer and autumn), and  first estimates of the primary energy consumption of the previous year (in January)

Subjects of the evaluation tables (1)  Structure of energy consumption, by sectors  Primary energy consumption, by energy resources  Domestic primary energy production, by energy resources  Total final energy consumption, by energy resources  Final energy consumption by the rest of the mining and manufacturing sectors, by energy resources  Final energy consumption by traffic, by energy resources

Subjects of the evaluation tables (2)  Final energy consumption by households, by energy resources  Final energy consumption by the trade, commerce and services sector, by energy resources  Final energy consumption by military agencies, by energy resources  Use of energy resources for power generation, by fuel types.

How the work is organized  The energy balances published up to 1994 had been prepared by the Association of the German Hard Coal Industry in Essen.  In 1994, the Working Group on Energy Balances transferred responsibility for the preparation of energy balances to DIW Berlin.  Beginning with the balance year 2002 the energy balances will be compiled in co-operation between DIW Berlin and EEFA Consulting GmbHa on behalf of the Working Group on Energy Balances

How the work is financed Up to 1994 the work totally had been financed by the fees of the commercial members of the Working Group on Energy Balances, especially by the Association of German Hard Coal Industry. The total fees amounted to less than Euro per year. Beginning with 1995 the membership fees had been raised and a co-financing by the Federal Ministry of Economics started.

BMWA, IX A MinistriesStatistical InstitutionsPrivate Organisations Economic - BMWA - Interior - BMI - Environment - BMU - Agriculture - BMVEL - Federal Office For Economic (BAFA) Federal Statistical Office Statistical Offices Of The Länder Statistic Of Coal Industries AG Energiebilanzen Associations: Oil (MWV), Electricity (VDEW), Gas (BGW) u.a. Organisations Involved In Energy Statistics AGEE (Statistics For Renewables)

The data sources – 1 - First of all: The Working Group on Energy Balances does not create own data. The Group only compiles existing data of different data sources, of which the most important are …  official reports of the Federal Statistical Office and the Federal Ministry of Economics  semi-official reports (e.g. Statistics of the Coal Industry)  statistics of different associations in and outside the energy sector  Personal communications by different experts

The data sources – 2 -  Statistics of the Federal Statistics Office are the main source for energy consumption data in the sectors Mining and Quarrying, Manufacturing Industry in the public and industrial power industry as well as in foreign trade in energy sources.  Information on the petroleum sector is primarily supplied by the Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (BAFA). In accordance with the Petroleum Statistics Act, BAFA collects business activity data on a monthly basis from companies active on the petroleum market in Germany.

The data sources (petroleum)  Together with data from other statistics offices, such as the Federal Statistics Office, an annual supply and consumption balance of petroleum is drawn up, on the basis of which data is also reported to the IEA, EU and UN (Annual Oil Statistics).  Data for the petroleum section of energy balances has been provided since 1996 by the Association of the German Petroleum Industry in agreement with the AGEB and on behalf of DIW Berlin.

The data sources – 4 -  The Federal Ministry of Economics was the main "supplier" of electricity- and gas-related data by way of its annual statistical reports on the electricity and gas industries.  Where official statistics are not available for the coal sector, coal industry statistics provide the main data.  Data on renewable energy sources are still affected by uncertainties, and concerns not so much electricity generating systems as more particularly thermal systems and diverse biogenic substances.

The data sources – 5 - (renewable energies)  Special surveys of the Federal Statistics Office on behalf of Eurostat, the German Electricity Association, the German Lignite Industry Association (DEBRIV) on the use of wood fuel in private households, and informations from the Federal Ministry for Consumer Protection, Food and Agriculture, as well as to a broad range of information from renewable energy industry.  In 2004 a specific Working Group on Renewable Energy Statistics at the Federal Ministry of Environment was founded, which will improve the respective data base.

The data sources – 6 -  Apart from data surveyed on an official basis, industry data represents an important source.  In a number of cases, one is dependent on the personal communications of experts.  Description of the non-energy consumption of renewable energy sources in the chemical sector is based, for example, on communications of the Chemical Industry Association (VCI) and the Association of the German Petroleum Industry (MWV).

The present working capacity  For many years the work of compiling the energy balances itself was done by one senior researcher at DIW Berlin only. In 2005 it changed due to fundings of the Federal Ministry of Economics to 3 senior researchers.  The data on mineral oil in the structure of the energy balances are directly delivered by an experienced statistician working with the Association of German Petroleum Industry.  Besides there was irreplaceable support by members of the Working Group and especially by the Federal Statistical Office.

Finalised energy balances available to date 1950 to 1990: FRG within the borders which applied up to 3 October to 1994: FRG within the borders which applied from 3 October 1990, and, separately, for the „old“ and „new“ Länder to 2002: FRG

Closing the gap of finalizing the energy balances  The better support primarily should help to get over the time lag between the most recent year and the year of the published energy balance.  The present situation is extremely unsatisfactory with the last energy balance for The balance for 2003 will be available in autumn 2006, for 2004 in 2007 and for 2005 und 2006 in  Our target is to complete energy balance for the previous year with a time lag of 1 year only.

Recalculation of Energy Balances? If a energy balance once is finalized, it usually will not be recalculated. An exception has been made concerning the assess- ment of renewable energies and nuclear power for the years 1990 to 1994 in a way we calculated this energy sources since 1995 and with statistical differences in electricity consumption, which we assigned to the commercial sector back to 1990.

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Consistency of time series?  The calculations of the energy balance for the old and the new Länder from 1990 to 1994 and the calculation for Germany as a whole since 1995 do not affect the system and the methods of energy balances itself.  Beginning with the 1995 balance for Germany the Working Group of Energy Balances decided that we should use another composition of sectors and energy sources – but the same informations as before are still available. Therefore this will not affect the consistency. But …

Consistency of time series?  basic changes have inevitably arisen due to the new system of classification in the industrial area. On the basis of WZ 93 (like NACE), the economic activities of business enterprises, operations and other statistical units are uniformly recorded in all official statistics. This affects the comparability within the industry only  and – starting with 1995 – we also decided to differentiate between the residential and the other sectors of final consumption. Therefore we only have consistent time series for aggregated data.

Consistency of time series?  Another problem is the assessment of electricity imports and exports, water or wind power, solar energy or nuclear fuels used for electricity generation. Since 1995 the procedure adopted by international organisations was used in Germany as well. This caused an inconsistency compared with the procedure in the years before. With the EUROSTAT project the energy balances for 1990 to 1994 had been revised in the meantime.  All in all the problems relating to the consistency of time series seem to be less important.

More transparency  With the EUROSTAT Project of the German Federal Environmental Agency “Harmonization of energy statistics used für CO 2 inventories”, which is reported in NIR 2004, the transparency already seems to be improved.  There will be even a further improvement with another project, which is carried out on behalf of the Federal Environmental Agency by the DIW Berlin at present. This project strives for more transparency related to the data sources, the methods used and the problems of time-series consistency. This will be finalised in spring 2005

The Energy Balance for  The problem with the energy balance for Germany as a whole for 1990 is that there was no uniform state territory in this year.  Because of the radical setbacks and fundamental organizational and structural dislocations in the territory of the GDR and the new federal Länder, respectively, opportunities to record energy statistics for eastern German for 1990 were extremely complicated.

The Energy Balance for  The Institute for Energy (IfE), based in Leipzig, on behalf of the Federal Ministry of Economics assumed responsibility for drawing up the energy balance 1990 for the GDR and the new Länder, respectively, on a systematic basis compatible with West German balances.  For this purpose, the institute had recourse to a prior investigation, for which DIW had also been responsible, whose tasks had included the preparation of appropriate energy balances for the GDR for the years from 1970 to 1989.

The Energy Balance for As a result, the energy balance 1990 for Germany as a whole is an aggregation of  the energy balance compiled by the Working Group on Energy Balances for the ”old” Länder on the one hand and  the IfE energy balance for the "new" Länder on the other hand. The IfE report gives a detailed description of the methods an data sources used for compiling the energy balance 1990 for the “new” Länder