Bell Ringer:List one type of muscle and epithelial tissue and list one location of each. Objectives: Compare and contrast the types of connective tissues. Standards Addressed: Protection, Support, Movement

Connective Tissues General Characteristics Function – – Bind structures – Support and protect – Build frameworks – Fill spaces – Store fat – Produce blood cells – Fight infections – Repair tissue damage

General (contd.) Structure – Further apart than epithelials – Have an abundance of extracellular matrix between them (fluid to semisolid – fibrous/non-fibrous proteins) – Can divide – Vary in flexibility

Major Cell Types Fibroblasts – most common fixed cell – secrete protein into matrix to produce fibers Macrophages – begin as white blood cells – carry out phagocytosis – scavenger/defensive cells

Major Cell Types (contd.) Mast Cells – large and found near blood vessels – release heparin to prevent blood clotting – release histamine, associated with inflammation and allergies

Connective Tissue Fibers Collagenous Fibers (ligaments, tendons) – Thick threads of protein, collagen, in bundles – Flexible/slightly elastic – Grouped in parallel bundles – Great tensile strength – resist pulling force Elastic Fibers (vocal chords, frequent stretching) – Thin branching protein, elastin, fibers – Weaker than collagenous fibers – Stretch easily and resume original shape

Ligaments vs. Tendons Ligaments – attaches bone to bone Tendons – attaches muscle to bone

Tissue Categories Connective Tissue Proper – Loose Connective Areolar Adipose Reticular – Dense Connective Tissue Tendons Ligaments Specialized Connective Tissue – cartilage, bond, blood

Adipose Tissue (fat) How does it form? Fat is stored in cytoplasm of adipocytes, when the cells crowd each other they form adipose tissue Location – beneath the skin, between muscles, around kidneys and heart, behind eyeballs, etc… Function – protects and cushions, insulates beneath skin, stores energy

Cartilage Functions – provides support, framework, attachments, protects, model for bones Why does torn cartilage heal slowly? – Lack of direct blood supply to cartilage tissue – Cartilage is enclosed by perichondrium which supplies nutrients by diffusion

Types of Cartilage Hyaline (most common) – Location – ends of bones, joints, soft part of nose, rings of respiratory system – Function – model for growth, cushions shock in joints Elastic (elastic fibers) – Location – external ear, parts of larynx – Function – flexibility, framework for ear and larynx

Types (contd.) Fibrocartilage (collagenous fibers) – Location – in spaces of weight bearing joins – Function – shock absorption for structure subjected to pressure

Bone Most rigid connective tissue (mineral salts contribute to hardness) Functions – support body structures – protection – attachment for muscles – contains red marrow (forming blood) – releases inorganics – calcium and phosphorus

Bone (contd.) Healing – Heals more rapidly than cartilage – Well supplied with blood – Every bone is near a supply of nutrients

Blood Blood plasma – *extracellular material of vascular connective tissue – contains elements of blood red blood cells white blood cells platelets

Extracellular Matrix Scaffolding to organize cells into tissues Relays signals that control cell division, differentiation, and movement Made of basement membrane and interstitial matrix Refer to page 103 at this time