Reconstruction 3 Plans Lincoln’s Johnson, Radical Republicans  Reconstruction: – a period when the federal government tried to repair the damage to the South & restore southern states to the Union

Lincoln’s Plan 10% plan Former Confederate states would be “readmitted” to the Union if 10% of their citizens took an oath of loyalty to the Union (amnesty) & ratified the 13 th Amendment which abolished slavery. Congress saw Lincoln’s plan as a threat to Congressional authority – Legislative v. Executive Opposition to plan – Radical Republicans – saw Lincoln’s plan as too lenient; wanted to punish the South – responded with the Wade-Davis Bill -50% (pocket veto) Not put into effect because Lincoln was assassinated.

Andrew Johnson’s Plan Presidential Reconstruction Southern states were required to nullify their acts of secession, abolish slavery (ratify the 13 th Amendment), & refuse to pay (repudiate) Confederate war debts to be readmitted to the Union Johnson also pardoned all rebels except ex- Confederate officeholders & the richest planters unless they personally asked to be pardoned. South’s response: Black Codes

Radical Republican or Congressional Reconstruction Military Reconstruction Act Increased the requirements for gaining readmission to the Union – had to ratify the 14 th Amendment & place guarantees in its Constitution for granting the right to vote to all adult males regardless of race (15 th Amendment)

Reasons why Reconstruction came to an end: The rise of the KKK KKK – aimed at African Americans & Southern Republicans KKK goal – keep African Americans in the role of submissive laborers & prevent them from voting – Federal response – Enforcement Act of 1870 People were tired of Reconstruction. Reconstruction symbolized corruption, greed, poor government. Reconstruction meant taxes! The rise of the Solid South.

How did Reconstruction come to an end? The event marking the end of Reconstruction was a deal made between the Democratic & Republican Parties. Election of 1876 Rutherford B. Hayes (R) v. Samuel Tilden (D) Compromise of 1877 – In the election of 1876, Hayes would become the next president if he removed the federal troops from the South.

VOCABULARY 1.Wade-Davis Bill 2. black codes 3.Civil Rights Act 1866 (citizenship to all persons born in the US except Native Americans) 4.Carpetbaggers/scalawags 5.Graft 6.Whiskey Ring 7.“New South”

Black Codes - varied from state to state - aimed to keep African Americans in a condition similar to slavery - included labor contracts - children had to accept apprenticeships in some states & could be beaten or whipped - included specific work hours - required to get licenses tow ork in nonagricultural jobs

Whiskey Ring * a scandal during Grant’s 2 nd term * a group of government officials & distillers cheated the government of millions of dollars by filing false tax reports

New South(still mainly agrarian) * more industrial, but most people still worked in agriculture – tenant farmers, sharecroppers * a thriving iron & steel industry developed (AL) * tobacco in NC * debt for African Americas