CONGRESSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION Reconstruction under the Radical Republicans

Early Reconstruction Review President Lincoln’s 10% Plan, very easy on the southPresident Lincoln’s 10% Plan, very easy on the south Lincoln’s Assassination gives the Presidency to Democrat, Andrew JohnsonLincoln’s Assassination gives the Presidency to Democrat, Andrew Johnson Johnson’s Plan also considered easy on the South.Johnson’s Plan also considered easy on the South. Johnson clashes with Radical RepublicansJohnson clashes with Radical Republicans He is impeached by Congress by 1868 He is impeached by Congress by 1868

Radical Republican Control Election of 1866: Many Radical Republicans are elected to Congress (House), (Senate)Election of 1866: Many Radical Republicans are elected to Congress (House), (Senate) –75% of Congress are Radical Republicans! Two Goals: (Q#1)Two Goals: (Q#1) –1) Change Southern society –2) Provide African Americans with the Right to vote.

Reconstruction Acts 1867 Series of laws passed by the Radical Republicans which punished the south by:Series of laws passed by the Radical Republicans which punished the south by: –Providing all blacks with the right to vote –Threw out their own State Governments. New Constitutions must be writtenNew Constitutions must be written New State governments created with African Americans in it!New State governments created with African Americans in it! –Forcing them to approve the 14 th Amendment –Setting up temporary Districts controlled by the U.S. Army.

Radical Republicans Dominate Fueled by over 700,000 African American votes, Radical Republicans controlled the South through 1872Fueled by over 700,000 African American votes, Radical Republicans controlled the South through 1872 African Americans vote more than whites (some whites are still not allowed to vote) African Americans are even elected to Congress, hold office as sheriffs, mayors and state legislators.African Americans are even elected to Congress, hold office as sheriffs, mayors and state legislators. –South Carolina’s State Legislature was made up of a majority of African Americans

African American in Congress Hiram Revels First African American Senator (1870) Took Jefferson Davis’ Mississippi Seat Blanche K. Bruce First African American Senator Elected to a full 6 year Term 1874

CONNECTION TO 2006 There have been only 6 African Americans elected to the U.S. Senate from 1870 – 2006!There have been only 6 African Americans elected to the U.S. Senate from 1870 – 2006! –Hiram Revels (R), 1870 – 1871 –Blanche Bruce (R), 1875 – 1881 –Edward Brook (D), 1967 – 1979 –Carol Mosley-Braun (D), 1993 – 1999 –Barack Obama (D), 2005 – 2008 –Roland W. Burnis (D) Took over for Pres. Obama

People in the South CARPETBAGGERS Northerners who went to the south after the Civil War after the Civil WarSCALAWAGS Southern Republicans who supported the North (Yankee fans at a Met Game!)CONSERVATIVESWhite Southerners who wanted little change in the South. (White Power) (most are Democrats)

Carpetbaggers Scalawags White Conservatives

Presidential Election of 1868 Ulysses S. Grant (Republican) Defeats Horatio Seymour (Democrat) 450,000 Freedmen vote for Grant. Lincoln: The Great Emancipator Grant: The Enforcer of Emancipation

Decline of Radical Republicans – 1872: Military protects African American rights (destroys early K.K.K.)1868 – 1872: Military protects African American rights (destroys early K.K.K.) 1872 – 1877: Republican corruption, unpopularity slowly erode support for Reconstruction.1872 – 1877: Republican corruption, unpopularity slowly erode support for Reconstruction. –Grant’s 2 nd Term is very bad for the Republicans –Democrats in the South slowly gaining Power Presidential Election of 1876Presidential Election of 1876

Rutherford B. Hayes (republican ) Vs. Samuel Tilden (Democrat)

Compromise of 1877 Disputed electoral votes and Presidency goes to the Republican, Hayes.Disputed electoral votes and Presidency goes to the Republican, Hayes. Hayes will then remove all U.S. military from the southHayes will then remove all U.S. military from the south EFFECTS:EFFECTS: –No longer will the military enforce Reconstruction laws –Reconstruction just ends –African Americans suffer massive discrimination