 Answer on your warm up/exit ticket sheet:  Based on your homework from last night, what was the best part of your Reconstruction Plan?  Turn in your homework

Today’s LEQ: How did the government react to the resistance?

 By the end of 1865, President Johnson thought Reconstruction was over – Radical Republicans felt Reconstruction had hardly begun  Many in the North disagreed with the black codes  Presidential Reconstruction Video Clip

 Radical Republicans joined with more moderate lawmakers to enact two bills designed to help former slaves  Extended the Freedmen’s Bureau and gave it more power  Civil Rights Act of 1866 ▪ Took direct aim at the black codes ▪ All Americans were entitled to “equal benefit of all laws… enjoyed by white citizens.”

 Johnson vetoed both!  Congress overrode his decision and both laws were passed  Radical Reconstruction had begun  “I am a Bill” Video Clip

 To further protect the rights of freedmen, Congress passed the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution  Reversed the Dred Scott Decision  Guaranteed citizenship to African Americans and “equal protection of the laws”

 Congress laid out its plan for Reconstruction  The South was divided into five districts and put under military control  Both white and black males could vote if they were loyal to the Union  Each state had to write a new constitution ▪ Required to ratify the 14 th amendment and allow African Americans to vote

 Congress enacted two laws to keep Johnson from interfering  Command of Army Act – limited president’s power as commander in chief of the army  Tenure of Office Act – barred the president from firing certain federal officials without the “advice and consent” of the Senate

 President Johnson is outraged and fires the Secretary of War to prove his point  Johnson is charged with violating the Tenure of Office Act and just escapes impeachment by one vote!

 White Southerners were angry!  Shocked at return of federal troops  Thought Reconstruction was over  Black Southerners were elated!  Had been organizing to fight discrimination  “We simply ask that the same laws that govern white people shall govern black men.”

 Answer on your warm up/exit ticket sheet:  Why did Congress take over Reconstruction (Radical Reconstruction)?  How did black Southerners feel about this change? White Southerners?

 Former confederates barred from voting under Reconstruction Act of 1867

 Freedmen  Joined Republican party (Lincoln’s party = Emancipation party)

 Scalawags  “worthless scoundrels”  White Southerners who opposed secession  Joined Republican party (Democratic party = party of secession)

 Carpetbaggers  Northerners who were attracted to the South after the war  Viewed as fortune hunters  Video Clip

 New voters help Republican candidate, Ulysses S. Grant, win the election of 1868  Grant’s victory helped persuade Congress to pass the Fifteenth Amendment  African Americans win the right to vote  “the right of citizens… to vote shall not be denied or abridged [limited] by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.”

 Every state readmitted into the Union by 1870  Wrote new constitutions and formed new governments  Majority of those elected into office were Republican – 1/5 were African American  Established the South’s first public school system

 Corrupt government officials used money intended to rebuild Southern infrastructure for personal gain  Most of the South still dependent on agriculture  Many Southern farmers lost all they had to war costs

 Once-wealthy plantation owners had land but no money to hire workers  Tenant Farming - planters divided land into small plots they rented to workers who would grow crops  In some cases, tenant farmers would pay a share of their crop as rent instead of cash – this was called Sharecropping

“We make as much cotton and sugar as we did when we were slaves and it does us little good now as it did then.”

Congress takes control of Reconstruction in Federal troops oversee establishment of state governments in the South The first biracial state governments establish a public school system. Economic recovery is slow for the South.

 Answer on your warm up/exit ticket sheet:  Based on what we’ve discussed so far, did Reconstruction bring more progress or setbacks? Explain your answer…  #wynnistheillestteacherever