Black Codes Read the handout regarding the Black Codes and answer the questions. (1) How would you feel being compelled to follow these rules? (2) What kind of society or community is this establishing? Tues, 9/17/15

Confiscation of 400,000 acres land along Atlantic Coast, formerly belonging to white Southerners Special Field Orders, No. 15 by General William Tecumseh Sherman

President Johnson vs. President Lincoln President Johnson Pardoned all white landowners Ordered plantations returned to white Southerners Vetoed the Civil Rights Act of It passed despite his veto. Vetoed the Fourteenth Amendment. Johnson allows the Black Codes. President Lincoln Believed in complete political justice for African-Americans with voting rights. Created the Freedmen's Bureau. Wanted to see normal governments established in the but the citizens must take an oath of allegiance.

America in Summer of 1865, with Congress out of Session … New Orleans Riot of 1866 … Memphis Riot of 1866 … Congressional Election in 1866

Radical Republican’s Plans Major objectives: – (1) Prevent former Confederate leaders from gaining leadership of American South again. – (2) Help African Americans gain right to vote (already freed) – (3) Establish equality in American South, including property rights This last objective was not completely achieved.

Scenario: You are a Congressional Republican, and you are committed to equality for African Americans. You are outraged at the idea of former Confederate leaders being in the United States Congress, as you’ve just fought a war with the Confederacy. And, you’re outraged at the Black Codes, creating second- class citizens in the South. (1) What would your response have been? (2) (Taking notes) How did the Radical Republicans respond to this situation? (read pages 143 – 145)

Radical Republican’s Plans (continued) – African Americans can own property and have to be treated equally in a court of law Civil Rights Act of 1866 – Granted citizenship to all Americans born in the U.S., except Native Americans

Radical Republican’s Plans (continued) 14 th Amendment (pg. 69) – Citizenship Clause: “All persons born … are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside …” – Privileges or Immunities Clause: “…No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities …” National privileges, Bill of Rights – Due Process Clause: “…nor shall any State deprive any person or life, liberty, or property, without due process of law…” – Equal Protection Clause: “…nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.”

Military Districts – Military Reconstruction Act of 1867 – American South is divided into five military districts with Union soldiers stationed in the American South Radical Republican’s Plans (continued)

Command of the Army Act … Office of Tenure Act … Johnson Is Impeached

15 th Amendment – Guaranteeing the right to vote for all males, as the right to vote “shall not be denied … on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.” Radical Republican’s Plans (continued)

Worksheet Questions on Reconstruction