Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility R. D. McKeown Slide 1 R. D. McKeown Jefferson Lab College of William and Mary The 12 GeV Science Program at Jefferson Lab Hadron Physics Workshop Weihai, China August 8, 2011

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility R. D. McKeown Slide 2 Outline CEBAF 12 GeV Upgrade Project - Capabilities - Status 12 GeV Research Program Beyond 12 GeV - Electron Ion Collider

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility R. D. McKeown Slide 3 12 GeV Upgrade Project Upgrade is designed to build on existing facility: vast majority of accelerator and experimental equipment have continued use New Hall Add arc Enhanced capabilities in existing Halls Add 5 cryomodules 20 cryomodules Scope of the project includes: Doubling the accelerator beam energy New experimental Hall and beamline Upgrades to existing Experimental Halls Maintain capability to deliver lower pass beam energies: 2.2, 4.4, 6.6…. Upgrade arc magnets and supplies CHL upgrade

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility R. D. McKeown Slide 4 Hall D – exploring origin of confinement by studying exotic mesons Hall B – understanding nucleon structure via generalized parton distributions Hall C – precision determination of valence quark properties in nucleons and nuclei Hall A – short range correlations, form factors, hyper-nuclear physics, future new experiments (e.g., PV and MOLLER) 12 GeV Scientific Capabilities

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility R. D. McKeown Slide 5 12 GeV Upgrade Schedule Two short parasitic installation periods in FY10 6-month installation May – Oct month installation May 2012 – May 2013 Hall A commissioning start October 2013 Hall D commissioning start April 2014 Halls B/C commissioning start October 2014 Project Completion June 2015

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility R. D. McKeown Slide 6 Hall D Status – July 2011 Ready For Equipment (RFE) Dec. 28, 2010

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility R. D. McKeown Slide 7 Arc Dipole Installation

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility R. D. McKeown Slide 8 12 GeV Science Program The physical origins of quark confinement (GlueX, meson and baryon spectroscopy) The spin and flavor structure of the proton and neutron (PDF’s, GPD’s, TMD’s…) The quark structure of nuclei Probe potential new physics through high precision tests of the Standard Model Defining the Science Program: – Six Reviews: Program Advisory Committees (PAC) 30, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37 – 2006 through 2011 – Results: 45 experiments approved; 14 conditionally approved – PAC38 scheduled August 2011: consider new proposals, continue rankings Exciting slate of experiments for 4 Halls planned for initial five years of operation!

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility R. D. McKeown Slide 9 PAC 12 GeV Science Categories The Hadron spectra as probes of QCD (GlueX and heavy baryon and meson spectroscopy) The transverse structure of the hadrons (Elastic and transition Form Factors) The longitudinal structure of the hadrons (Unpolarized and polarized parton distribution functions) The 3D structure of the hadrons (Generalized Parton Distributions and Transverse Momentum Distributions) Hadrons and cold nuclear matter (Medium modification of the nucleons, quark hadronization, N-N correlations, hypernuclear spectroscopy, few-body experiments) Low-energy tests of the Standard Model and Fundamental Symmetries (MOLLER, PVDIS, PRIMEX, …..)

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility R. D. McKeown Slide 10 TopicHall AHall BHall CHall DTotal The Hadron spectra as probes of QCD (rated) (GluEx and heavy baryon and meson spectroscopy) The transverse structure of the hadrons (rated) (Elastic and transition Form Factors)423 9 The longitudinal structure of the hadrons (rated) (Unpolarized and polarized parton distribution functions)224 8 The 3D structure of the hadrons (unrated) (Generalized Parton Distributions and Transverse Momentum Distributions) Hadrons and cold nuclear matter (rated) (Medium modification of the nucleons, quark hadronization, N-N correlations, hypernuclear spectroscopy, few-body experiments)125 8 Low-energy tests of the Standard Model and Fundamental Symmetries (rated at PAC 37)2 1 3 TOTAL GeV Approved Experiments by Physics Topics More than 5 years running time

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility R. D. McKeown Slide 11 11

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility R. D. McKeown Slide 12 Quantum Numbers of Hybrid Mesons Quarks Excited Flux Tube Hybrid Meson like Exotic Flux tube excitation (and parallel quark spins) lead to exotic J PC

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility R. D. McKeown Slide 13 States with Exotic Quantum Numbers Isovector Meson Spectrum Hall Dudek et al.

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility R. D. McKeown Slide 14 Proton Spin Puzzle DIS →  0.25 RHIC + DIS →  g« 1 → L q D. de Florian et al., PRL 101 (2008) [X. Ji, 1997]

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility R. D. McKeown Slide 15 W p u (x,k T,r ) Wigner distributions d2kTd2kT PDFs f 1 u (x),.. h 1 u (x)‏ d3rd3r TMD PDFs f 1 u (x,k T ),.. h 1 u (x,k T )‏ 3D imaging 6D Dist. Form Factors G E (Q 2 ), G M (Q 2 )‏ d2rTd2rT dx & Fourier Transformation 1D GPDs/IPDs d 2 k T dr z

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility R. D. McKeown Slide 16 t hard vertices A =           = Unpolarized beam, transverse target:  UT ~ sin  {k(F 2 H – F 1 E ) }d  E (  t)  LU ~ sin  {F 1 H + ξ(F 1 +F 2 ) H +kF 2 E }d  ~ Polarized beam, unpolarized target: H ( ,t ) ξ=x B /(2-x B ) Unpolarized beam, longitudinal target:  UL ~ sin  {F 1 H +ξ(F 1 +F 2 )( H +ξ/(1+ξ) E) }d  ~ H ( ,t ) ~ Cleanest process: Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility R. D. McKeown Slide 17 Quark Angular Momentum → Access to quark orbital angular momentum

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility R. D. McKeown Slide 18 DVCS beam asymmetry at 12 GeVCLAS12 ep ep  High luminosity and large acceptance allows wide coverage in Q 2 < 8 GeV 2, x B < 0.65, and t< 1.5GeV 2 Experimental DVCS program E was approved for the 12 GeV upgrade using polarized beam and polarized targets. sinφ moment of A LU

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility R. D. McKeown Slide 19 High x spin dependent DIS REQUIRES: High beam polarization High electron current High target polarization Large solid angle spectrometers

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility R. D. McKeown Slide 20 Separate Sivers and Collins effects Sivers angle, effect in distribution function: – (  h -  s ) = angle of hadron relative to initial quark spin Collins angle, effect in fragmentation function: – (  h +  s ) =  +(  h -  s’ ) = angle of hadron relative to final quark spin e-e’ plane q Scattering Plane target angle hadron angle

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility R. D. McKeown Slide 21 A Solenoid Spectrometer for SIDIS SIDIS SSAs depend on 4 variables (x, Q 2, z and P T ) Large angular coverage and precision measurement of asymmetries in 4-D phase space are essential.

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility R. D. McKeown Slide 22 SoLID Transversity Projected Data Total 1400 bins in x, Q 2, P T and z for 11/8.8 GeV beam. z ranges from 0.3 ~ 0.7, only one z and Q 2 bin of 11/8.8 GeV is shown here. π + projections are shown, similar to the π -.

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility R. D. McKeown Slide 23 Super Bigbite Spectrometer (SBS) in Hall A 48D48 magnet Beam General purpose device Well-suited to form factor expts ~$5M total, construction: Review proposed for fall 2011

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility R. D. McKeown Slide 24 MOLLER & Deep Inelastic Scattering Parity Violation in Hall A SoLID (solenoidal large intensity device): general purpose deep inelastic parity violating experiment with solenoid Chinese contribution Dedicated MOLLER Experiment (successor to SLAC E158) DOE MIE proposal → CD-0

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility R. D. McKeown Slide 25 Future PV Program

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility R. D. McKeown Slide 26 New Opportunity: Search for A’ at JLab Search for new forces mediated by ~100 MeV vector boson A’ with weak coupling to electrons: New ~GeV–scale force carriers are important category of physics beyond the SM. A’ could couple to dark matter and explain some anomalous astrophysical data. Fixed-target (FEL + CEBAF) have unique capability to explore this! 26Va. Tech. Physics Colloquium, Dec. 3, 2010 g – 2 preferred!

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility R. D. McKeown Slide 27 Into the “sea”: EIC 12 GeV With 12 GeV we study mostly the valence quark component An EIC aims to study the sea quarks, gluons, and scale (Q 2 ) dependence. mEIC EIC

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility R. D. McKeown Slide 28 Medium Energy Three compact rings: 3 to 11 GeV electron Up to 12 GeV/c proton (warm) Up to 60 GeV/c proton (cold)

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility R. D. McKeown Slide 29 EIC Realization Imagined Activity Name Gev Upgrade FRIB EIC Physics Case NSAC LRP EIC CD0 EIC Machine Design/R&D EIC CD1/Downsel EIC CD2/CD3 EIC Construction

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility R. D. McKeown Slide 30 Outlook 12 GeV Physics program is well developed and expanded “Beyond Standard Model” program is growing –Parity violation –New gauge boson searches Construction Project is on track New equipment requirements (Hall A) –Super Bigbite Spectrometer (SBS) –MOLLER –SoLID Beyond 12 GeV  EIC…