Test Review Unit 1

Scoring  Mutiple Choice Vocabulary: 14 points  Short answers:28 points  Reflection: 8 points  Grand total: 50 points

Domestication  Humans learning to control something that previously was “wild.”  Food growth.  Animals.

Agriculture  The act of planting seeds to raise crops.  Crops are grasses (wheat), meals (corn) and fibers (cotton).

Slash and Burn  The act of clearing trees to make room for agriculture.  This would cause erosion of the soil  Nutrients would be depleted and they would have to move to a new area.

Irrigation  Dikes Canals and Dams.  Allow for watering in areas away from the river.

Surplus  Surpluses are extra output of production.  Surpluses mean that you have met your need and you have extra to trade, sell or save.  This created opportunities for a more diverse economy.

Specialization  Specialization is the act of focusing all your energy on one skill, i.e. being a cloth weaver.  A skill in one kind of work.

Social Classes  Artisans, Farmers, Government, Priests.  People with similar customs, background and training.

Artisans  Cloth makers, Tool makers, Pottery, carpenters etc..

Government  Chiefs,Leaders, Lawmakers.  Ways of creating order and providing leadership.

Hunter-Gatherers  Main form of subsistence until about 8000 B.C.  Lived by hunting wild animals and gathering wild grasses, berries and nuts.  Lived nomadically following animal herds.  Had primitive tools and culture.

The Development of tools  Tools were developed to meet the needs of early humans.  They were used, like fire, to control their environment.  Some early tools are stone axes, bags, awls and drills.  As technology increased so did the complexity of tools.

Culture  Art, Language and Religion.  Culture separates man from animal.  Early forms of art culture are sites such as the Lascaux cave paintings in France.  Culture, as in the form of religion, allowed man to interprept their environment and attempt to control it.

Domestication of plants and animals.  As the ice receded during the last ice age, fertile area appeared for raising crops and animals.  Early man discovered that by spreading grass seed he could control its growth.  Goats and sheep were some of the first animals to be domesticated.  Domestication of plants and animals changed the lives, culture and society of early man.

Agricultural Revolution and where it was suitable  The agricultural revolution led to the development of permanent villages.  These villages developed rules and laws to govern society.  Society grew more and more complex through specialization.  The Agricultural Revolution was most suitable in areas such as the Nile, Euphrates, Indus and Yellow river valleys.

Early sites and Artifacts  “Lascaux.”  B.C. to B.C.  Cave paintings with images of bulls, horses, cats, deer.  “Awls.”  Leather punch tool.  Used to work hides.  “Catal Huyuk.”  Complex society.  Walked on their roofs.  Worshiped bulls skulls.

How does surplus lead to specialization?  A surplus is extra output of something.  If you have enough for your own needs you can trade with others.  This trade allows you to specialize your skill.  Specialization leads to multiple economic activities within one society.

Reflect  Why was the agricultural revolution so important?