Chapter 22 SW ASIA Religion, Politics and Oil

3 Religions in SW Asia  Islam (Muslims) One God, Allah Muhammad messenger of Allah  Judaism (Jews) Monotheism – based on the Old Testament  Christianity – New Testament – story of Jesus – founder of Christianity

ISLAM  Monotheistic religion  Based on the teaching of the founder  Muhammad first recitations of the Qur'an in the 7th century Qur'an

Five Pillars of Islam  Faith (“no god but Allah)  Prayer (5 times a day)  Charity (support less fortunate)  Fasting (don’t eat or drink during Ramadan)  Pilgrimmage (to Mecca)

GOVERNMENTS CONTROLLED BY THE MUSLIMS  Theocratic – religious leaders control the government  Government depends on religious laws  Often consult religious scholars

Ruhollah Khomeini

Iranian leader, called the Ayatollah (Arab., "gift of God," a religious title of honor), who led the revolution that toppled Muhammad Riza Shah Pahlavi in 1979.

WHO RULES SAUDI ARABIA?  Saud family

OPEC  Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries  Helps member nations control world wide oil prices

CHANGING MODES OF TRANSPORTATION  Cars, trucks, and cycles replace the Camel

MUSLIM SPIRITUAL TRADITION  Month of Ramadan – Muslims fast from dawn to sunset  July 9 to August 7 th (30 days)

MECCA  Saudi Arabian city – Muslims holiest city  Muslims need to make a pilgrimage to this holiest city of Islam

MOSQUE  Place of worship for Muslims

The Eastern Mediterranean Section 2  What are the monotheistic religions  What role does Jerusalem play in this region

MONOTHEISTIC RELIGIONS  Islam  Judaism  Christianity

IMPORTANCE OF JERUSALEM  Important part of each of their religious history

Dome of the Rock

 a shrine in Jerusalem at the site from which Muhammad ascended through the seven heavens to the throne of God: built on the site of the Jewish Temple. which

Western Wall (Wailing Wall)

Western Wall  a wall in Jerusalem where Jews, on certain occasions, assemble for prayer and lamentation: traditionally believed to be the remains of the western wall of Herod's temple, destroyed by the Romans in 70 A.D.

CREATION OF ISRAEL  Came about in the 1940’s  Jews needed a homeland after WWII

EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN FOODS  Pita bread  Chicken  Lamb

ZIONISM  A movement that began in the 19 th century to create and support a Jewish homeland in Palestine

PALESTIAN LIBERATION ORGANIZATION  Formed in the 1960’s  Formed to regain the land for Palestinian Arabs (Muslims)  PLO has used political and military means to take possession of Arab land in Israel

MESOPOTAMIA  “Land between two rivers”  Tigris and Euphrates

TWO MAIN BRANCHES OF ISLAM (in Iraq)  Sunni  Shiite

KURDS  They are a nation of people without a land to legally occupy

OIL RESOURCES FUELS CLASHES OVER LAND  Powerful nations want to control this resource and are willing to fight for them  Kuwait

TALIBAN  An extremist Muslim group in Afghanistan that imposed strict rules on people’s behavior

Osama Bin Laden