Nutrition Over the Life Span Principles of Human Services

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3 Do our nutritional needs change as we get older? How?

Dietary Needs at Different Stages Pregnancy Infants Children Teenagers Adults Seniors and older adults Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 4

Pregnant Mothers Maintaining good nutrition and health habits and getting proper medical care are the most important responsibilities of the pregnant mother. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 5

Nutritional Needs During Pregnancy Folate, folic acid More foods from: – Dairy Group – Protein Foods Group – Fruit Group – Vegetable Group – Grains Group Should add 300 calories a day to diet Average weight gain –25 to 35 pounds Pre-natal vitamin and mineral supplement No alcohol Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 6

Infants A baby needs the right nourishment which may be mother’s milk or infant formula. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 7

Nutritional Needs for Infants-Matching Game Age of Infant Birth to six months Four to six months Six to eight months Seven to ten months Eight to Twelve months One to two years Food Options Soft or cooked table foods Breast milk or infant formula Cut foods into smaller, ¼-inch squares Pureed or mashed fruits and vegetables Finger foods Introduce iron-fortified infant cereal like rice and barley or pureed meats Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 8

Children Need a regular meal schedule Stomachs are small, energy levels high How can they get enough calories? Snacks to satisfy food needs Active, growing children need a regular meal schedule Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 9

Teenagers Most rapid growth period Dramatic physical changes What nutrients might they need? Tips: – Fit healthy eating into busy schedules – Eat foods for nutrition when eating with friends Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 10

Nutrition for Teens Importance of Nutrition for Teens (click on link) Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 11

Teen Athletes ml ml 3,000+ calories a day Why? More protein and electrolytes Why? 3 meals and 3 snacks Why? Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved.12

Vegetarians What special problems would a vegetarian encounter? Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved.13

Adults How many calories should the average adult eat? Why should adults eat fewer calories than teens? If adults want to eat more calories, what should they do? What health concerns start to show up in adulthood? How should your diet change due to these potential problems? Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved.14

Adults Exercise Weight control Healthy diet Regular visits to the doctor Active lifestyle Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 15

Seniors and Older Adults Risk of previous health concerns increases Weakened bone structure (osteoporosis)leads to more sedentary life What does this mean for calorie intake? What nutrients should they get more of? Weaker digestive system means need for more fiber Teeth soften and decay Loss of smell and taste Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved.16

Seniors and Older Adults Want to remain independent May need assistance in shopping and cooking Can purchase convenience foods Community may provide meal assistance Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved.17

Factors that Affect Food Choices Appearance Fitness Weight Protection from illness Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 18

Factors that Affect Food Choices Healing Emotional strength Future Health Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 19

ChooseMyPlate The different plate shape is to help grab consumers’ attention with a new visual cue that is a familiar mealtime symbol. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 20 U.S. Department of Agriculture

ChooseMyPlate Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 21 (click on picture)

ChooseMyPlate Educating yourself on the food groups, healthy fats and what vitamins and minerals your body needs are just a few steps in the right direction. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 22 U.S. Department of Agriculture

Recommended Dietary Guidelines 2010 Build a healthy plate Cut back on foods high in solid fats, added sugars, and salt Eat the right amount of calories for you Be physically active your way Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 23 (click on picture)

Relation to Health, Wellness, and Disease Your food and physical activity choices each day affect your health – how you feel today, tomorrow, and in the future. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 24

Wellness Good health Positive well-being Includes physical, mental, and emotional health Reflected in attitude and behavior Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 25

Careers in Family and Community Services What Dietitians and Nutritionists Do (click on link) Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 26 Image:

Questions? Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 27

References and Resources Images: Microsoft Clip Art: Used with permission from Microsoft. Textbooks: Brisbane, H. (2010). The developing child. Columbus, OH: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill. Duyff, R. L. (2010). Food, nutrition & wellness. Columbus, OH: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill. Kowtaluk, H. (2010) Food for today. Columbus, OH: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill. Weixel, S., & Wempen, F. (2010). Food & nutrition and you. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. YouTube™: Importance of Nutrition for Teens Susan Adams, Registered Dietitian discusses why healthy eating habits and nutrition are important for teens to learn about and adapt into their daily routines. U.S. Department of Agriculture. ChooseMyPlate.gov Website. Washington, DC. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 28

References and Resources Websites: Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics The world’s largest organization of food and nutrition professionals Best Teen Diets It encourages positive food decisions supportive of good health whether your goal is to lose weight, gain weight or stay within your healthy weight range. Nutrition Education of Texas Teaching Nutrition: Background information about nutrition, nutrients, and healthy eating habits. Topics include nutrients, food safety, selecting a balanced diet, nutritional needs during the lifecycle, nutrition and health. For additional information, visit: Tips for a Safe and Healthy Life U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention U.S. Department of Agriculture. ChooseMyPlate.gov Website. Washington, DC. Accessed February, Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 29