Memory The brain’s system for filing away new information and retrieving previously learned data A constructive process 3 types of memory Sensory memory.

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Presentation transcript:

Memory The brain’s system for filing away new information and retrieving previously learned data A constructive process 3 types of memory Sensory memory Lasts a few seconds Short-term (working) memory 30-90 seconds Long-term memory Indefinite time period

Information Processing Model Encoding Sensory information is converted into a form that can be stored Storage Encoded information is placed into memory Retrieval Previously stored information is moved form long-term memory to working

Memory

Types of Memory Sensory Memory Iconic Memory Eidetic Memory Visual stimuli Eidetic Memory Ability to remember detailed stimuli Short period of time Echoic Memory Auditory stimuli

Types of Memory Short-term (Working) Memory - Encoding Attention The act of applying the mind to a sense or thought Conscious encoding Encoding information that you pay specific attention to Unconscious encoding Automatic processing Visual/ Auditory encoding Semantic encoding Attaching meaning to a memory

Types of Memory Short-term (Working) Memory - Storage Chunking Process of organizing large pieces of information into smaller chunks Rote Rehearsal Repeating information with the intent of learning that info Interference Task

Types of Memory Short-term (Working) Memory - Retrieval Serial Position Effect The ability to recal information in a list depending on the position of the information on that list Recency Effect The recall of information that was most recently stored Primacy Effect The recall of information learned first

Types of Memory Long-Term Memory - Encoding Explicit memories Memories of which you are consciously aware Implicit memories Memories of which you are NOT consciously aware Episodic memories Memories in which you remember an entire sequence of events Procedural memories Memories of movement (usually)

Types of Memory Long-Term Memory - Encoding Flashbulb memories Memories that are immediately stored in LTM and caused by emotional events Elaborative rehearsal The process in which you give meaning to information for the purpose of storing it Mnemonics Memory aids that give rhyme and reason to lists or other pieces of information

Memory Long-Term Memory – Storage Levels of Processing Model The Brain Shallow Processing Deep Processing The Brain Hippocampus Frontal Lobe Cerebellum Basal Ganglia

Types of Memory Long-term Memory - Retrieval Rehearsal Retrieval Connect meaning Deep thinking Retrieval Using cues Recall General cue Essay Question Recognition Specific cue Multiple Guess Question

PICK OUT THE 7 DWARFS BASHFUL CRANKY DOC DUMPY ZIPPO HARPO MOODY DOPEY HAPPY PEPPY ROWDY SLEEPY SNEEZY SNIPPY YIPPY GRUMPY

Encoding Specificity Principle Retrieval improves when conditions of encoding are the same as conditions of recovery Context Dependent Same seat to take test Mood Congruence Be in the same mood State-Dependent Be in the same state

Forgetting Interference Theory Forgetting Curve Retroactive Interference New info interferes with old info Proactive Interference Old info interferes with new info Forgetting Curve Decays over time biologically

Forgetting Motivated Forgetting Encoding Failure Retrieval Failure We have reason to forget Encoding Failure We do not encode information properly Retrieval Failure Synaptic connections have failed to retrieve the information

Forgetting Amnesia – Memory Loss Anterograde Retrograde An inability to form new memories Retrograde A loss of past memories

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