Presentation Package for Concepts of Physical Fitness 12e Section VI: Concept 18: Stress Management Created by: Gregory J. Welk Iowa State University

2Concepts of Physical Fitness 12e Stress Facts  The American Academy of Family Physicians estimates that 60% of the problems brought to physicians in the U.S. are stress related. Many are the result of stress; others are made worse or last longer because of it.

3Concepts of Physical Fitness 12e Health Problems with Excessive Stress  CHD and stroke  Gastrointestinal problems such as ulcers  Impaired immune system  Insomnia

4Concepts of Physical Fitness 12e How Stress Promotes Illness  Direct effect –Raises blood pressure –Impairs immune system  Indirect effect –Less positive behaviors (exercise, healthy diet, lack of sleep) –More negative behaviors (drinking, smoking, unhealthy diet)

5Concepts of Physical Fitness 12e Historical Perspectives on the Nature of Stress  Walter Cannon –Fight or Flight syndrome –Non-specific stress response  Hans Selye –General Adaptation Syndrome »Alarm »Resistance »Adaptation

6Concepts of Physical Fitness 12e The Stress Target Zone EUSTRESS (The optimal amount of stress) BURN OUT (Distress) RUST OUT (Boredom)

7Concepts of Physical Fitness 12e Contemporary Views of the Nature of Stress Stressor Stress Appraisal Outcome Coping The Process of Stress

8Concepts of Physical Fitness 12e Types of Stressors  Environmental  Physiological  Emotional (psycho-social) Click for info on Lab 18a See for info on stress among college students

9Concepts of Physical Fitness 12e Characteristics of Stressful Events  Negative  Uncontrollable  Ambiguous

10Concepts of Physical Fitness 12e Stressor High Stress Low Stress Stress Appraisal See stressor as a challenge See stressor as a threat Appraisal of Stressors

11Concepts of Physical Fitness 12e Hardiness  Commitment  Control  Challenge Individuals high in “Hardiness” have fewer stress related problems due to the way they perceive stress and the coping mechanisms they use (“approach” coping instead of “avoidance” coping) Click for Lab 18b Info Web18-2

12Concepts of Physical Fitness 12e Responses to Stress  Physiological  Cognitive  Emotional  Behavioral Click for info on Lab 18c

13Concepts of Physical Fitness 12e You may not be able to smooth out the surf, but you can learn to ride the waves! Summary of Stress

14Concepts of Physical Fitness 12e Web Resources “On the Web” “On the Web” pages for Concept Online Learning Center

Supplemental Graphics Lab Information

16Concepts of Physical Fitness 12e Lab 18a Information Evaluating Your Stress Level  Complete the life experience survey.  Summarize your current level of stress. in comparison with the survey scores. Return to presentation Note: The life experience surveys assume that stressors affect everyone in the same way and therefore may not yield highly accurate indicators of stress.

17Concepts of Physical Fitness 12e Lab 18b Information Evaluating Your Hardiness  Complete the Hardiness survey.  Summarize the score for each dimension of Hardiness.  Discuss whether you feel the scores are useful indicators of your response to stress. Return to presentation Web18-2

18Concepts of Physical Fitness 12e Lab 18c Information Evaluating Neuromuscular Tension  Complete the evaluation of tension with the assistance of a partner.  Describe how the results might impact the way you look at your daily life. Return to presentation