The War for Independence or The Revolutionary War

– Bunker Hill Bunny – shot Heard Around the World – Boston Tea Party

SWBAT Describe the differences between the battles of Lexington and Concord and Bunker Hill and how they impacted the early part of the War for Independence (the Revolutionary War). 2. Explain three reasons why the pamphlet Common Sense caused colonists to consider independence. 3. Explain how the Declaration of Independence justifies separation from Great Britain’s authority.

Patrick Henry March 23, 1775 Speech to the Virginia House of Burgesses Purpose: Give me Liberty or give me Death!

The Battle of Lexington and Concord April 19, 1775

British Plans April 14, 1775: April 18, 1775:

Planned British March Lexington Approx. 20 miles Boston Concord

Colonial Preparations Expected Riders “The Regulars are coming!”

Lexington April 19, 1775 Minutemen.Confrontation

The British March onto Concord

Skirmish at North Bridge

Flight to Boston Disaster Reinforcements Final Results

Leaders for Battle of Bunker Hill British, redcoats CPT Colin D. 1)PL: Kristin 1)SqL: Eric V / Troy 2)SqL: Avery 3)SqL: Tyler 2)Sam Steele 1)SqL: Greta / Evelyn 2)SqL: Julia 3)SqL: Sammy Patriots, blue, grey, etc coats CPT Aaron Knotts 3)PL: Eliza 3)SqL: Rohan / Taylor 4)SqL: Alex 5)SqL: Bryn 4)PL: Tyler 3)SqL: John / Gabby 4)SqL: Art / Anthony 5)SqL: Anshul 5)PL: Will 3)SqL: Alyssa / Rob 4)SqL: Marissa 5)SqL: Emma

The Siege of Boston Begins What are the Americans missing that would fully encircle the British? Bunker and Breed’s Hill

Battle of Bunker / Breed’s Hill ¼ mile

Battle of Bunker / Breed’s Hill

Dr. Joseph Warren Born: June in Roxbury, Massachusetts Died: June on Charlestown, Massachusetts Father: Joseph Warren (2/2/ /23/1755) Mother: Mary Stevens ( ??) Married: Elizabeth Hooten ( ) on 9/6/1764 Children: Elizabeth Warren (?? - ??) Joseph Warren (?? - ??) Mary Warren (?? - ??)

APR 1775 Siege of Boston begins. May 1775 Fort Ticonderoga captured with over 50 cannons

300 Miles without Roads! Henry Knox leaves Boston 17DEC1775 and returns on 24JAN1776

The End of the Siege of Boston Fort Ticonderoga captured May “75. George Washington named Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army. Winter “75 / “76 Henry Knox moves cannon 300 miles from Ticonderoga to Boston. Jan “76 Common Sense March “76 cannon placed on Dorchester Heights. The British evacuate Boston by April The war moves to NY.

Common Sense Thomas Paine January 1776 Society in every state is a blessing, but Government, even in its best state, is a necessary evil; in its worst state, an intolerable one.

Events Preceding Lex & Concord battle April nd Continental Congress meets May 1775 appoint Washington as Commander-in-Chief. Fort Ticonderoga captured. Battle of Bunker Hill June GW takes command, siege of Boston. Many still hoping to reestablish good relations with the King – The Olive Branch Petition sent July 1775, neg response Jan Battles in Canada fail.

Common Sense published Released on January 10, 1776 the same day that the King’s response to the Olive Branch Petition received in Philadelphia, “the colonies are in open rebellion.” Written to convince Americans to declare Independence, it was America’s “destiny.” Logical arguments used. By June 1776 over 500,000 copies sold.

Thomas Paine says, You say... “I have heard it asserted by some, that as America hath flourished under her former connection with GB, the same connection is necessary towards her future happiness, and will always have the same effect. Nothing can be more fallacious than this kind of argument.” Some have said America prospered being related to England and must stay in relationship to continue prospering, I think this is a false hypothesis.

Thomas Paine says, You say... “We have boasted the protection of GB without considering that her motive was interest, not attachment; and that she did not protect us from our enemies on our account, but from her enemies on her own account”

Thomas Paine says, You say... “But Britain is the parent country, say some. Then the more shame upon her conduct. Even brutes do not devour their young, nor savages make war upon their families.”

Thomas Paine says, You say... “I challenge the warmest advocate for reconciliation, to show a single advantage that this continent can reap, by being connected with GB. I repeat the challenge; not a single advantage is derived.”

Thomas Paine says, You say... “Small islands, not capable of protecting themselves, are the proper objects for kingdoms to take under their care; but there is something absurd, in suppposing a continent to be perpetually governed by an island. In no instance hath nature made the satellite larger than its primary planet.”

Thomas Paine says, You say... “Nothing but independence... Can keep the peace of the continent....A government of our own is our natural right: and when a man seriously reflects on the precariousness of human affairs, he will become convinced, that it is infinitely wiser and safer, to form a constitution of our own in a cool deliberate manner, while we have it in our power.”

Para 3 of DOI Vocab A. To take or seize power, the unlawful or violent seizure of power B. lasting for only a short time; temporary: C. avoiding risks and uncertainties; careful D. to give orders, or state something exactly, with total authority: to influence something or make it necessary: E. A system run by an absolute ruler F. truthful and honest, especially about something difficult or painful G. To force into H. an oppressive and unjust government __ 1. Prudence ___ 2. Dictate ___ 3. Transient ___ 4. Usurpations ___ 5. Despotism ___ 6. Constrains ___ 7. Tyranny ___ 8. Candid

Para 3 of DOI Vocab A. To take or seize power, the unlawful or violent seizure of power B. lasting for only a short time; temporary: C. avoiding risks and uncertainties; careful D. to give orders, or state something exactly, with total authority: to influence something or make it necessary: E. A system run by an absolute ruler F. truthful and honest, especially about something difficult or painful G. To force into H. an oppressive and unjust government __ 1. Prudence ___ 2. Dictate ___ 3. Transient ___ 4. Usurpations ___ 5. Despotism ___ 6. Constrains ___ 7. Tyranny ___ 8. Candid

REVIEW Pick an event, find the month & year. As a class put them in order! Declaration of Independence Battle of Bunker Hill Battles of Lexington and Concord Release of Common Sense British leave Boston British arrive in New York George Washington takes command of Continental Army.

Summer of 1776 British occupy New York Washington moves army to New York. July 4, 1776 The Declaration of Independence released to the public

The Declaration of Indpendence Handouts – work through vocabulary –Put first three paragraphs into student’s own words –Illustrate the abuses

Summer of 1776 Summer/fall 1776 battles in New York go badly for the Americans. Dec 1776 Continental Army retreats to Pennsylvania.

Handicap the War refer to p.115 Green, p.127 Red, and handouts.

Americans Factor British Total

The Crossing, video worksheet.doc

The Principles of War +1 The Battles of Trenton and Princeton 26DEC1776 to 03JAN1777 OC Benson IV, Melvin B. 25JAN03

General George Washington Successful because he applied all Nine Principles of War appropriately Most importantly, he based his decisions on “Intelligence”

Developments prior to DEC1776 Disastrous defeats in New York, retreat through New Jersey across the Delaware River to Pennsylvania

Continental Army at its Lowest Number of effective soldiers shrinks from 20,000 to under 5,000 (casualties and desertions) Cannon, from 300 to 18 Poor living conditions Lack of Congressional financial support Most enlistments up 31DEC1776 British troops fully control New Jersey, they have everything the Continentals do not Except General George Washington!

GW’s “Intelligence” British from NY down to Burlington NJ About 1,300 Hessians quartered at Trenton No defensive works at Trenton Hessian patrols were almost nonexistent Hessians partied at Christmas

Applying the Principles of War Surprise - no one suspected Offensive – chose the time and place Maneuver - took away enemy’s maneuverability through positioning Mass – more than the enemy Objective – definitive time and place, flexible with developments

Trenton, 25-26DEC1776 River crossing began at dusk on the 25 th about 9 miles north of Trenton Two other crossings planned to the south Weather – snow and windy Northern crossing took hours longer than planned, both southern crossings failed Arrived at Trenton DEC

Without knowledge of the failure of the southern crossings, battle plan went ahead From the north, split into two groups to envelope Trenton and prevent escape

SURPRISE! Short, pitched street fight, overwhelmed the Hessians Hessian casualties – 40 dead, 40 wounded, 900 captured (400 escaped)

Confusion, Luck, Opportunity The Units that were to have crossed on the south, hearing of the victory, then did so only to find Trenton empty of any troops, sent word back across to GW On 29DEC GW recrossed the Delaware and occupied a position just south of Trenton across the Assunpink Creek.

British Response Cornwallis arrived from NY into Princeton On 3JAN1777 he leaves 1,200 troops in Princeton, marching with 5,800 to Trenton GW had a regiment harass them to prevent arrival before nightfall

GW’s Response Get out of Dodge! Leaving about 400 men to man pickets, burn fires, build defensive works, and generally make noise, GW moves with 4,000 troops towards Princeton using back roads

Attack on Princeton Cornwallis wakes up to find no US troops south of Trenton Almost at Princeton, GW sends a regiment east to destroy a bridge on the main road between Princeton and Trenton A battle develops, after GW himself reinforces the US troops, the British surrender At the same time, other US troops went into and captured Princeton

Maneuver, Maneuver Troops exhausted, GW moves out of Princeton as Cornwallis enters it Cornwallis rushes toward New Brunswick, the central supply center for British NJ GW moves into winter quarters at Morristown NJ, naturally defensive with the ability to protect all of northern Jersey British evacuate NJ

Principles Displayed Main ones – Surprise, Offensive, Maneuver, Mass, Objective Secondary – –Simplicity- not one of GW’s strong points –Economy – “winner takes all” battles, desperate, everything put into the fight –Security – very little left for security, depended on Surprise and Maneuver –Uniformity of Command – firmly established

Final Notes, just think... Intelligence gave Washington the information he needed to be Offensive, he knew that –Surprise was achievable –That he had more troops than Colonel Rall –More troops then were left in Princeton –He knew the road network better –Minimal troops could be left as Security

Intelligence Use it or Lose! 9 Principles, yes, but...

The Rest of the Rev War

The Campaigns of 1777 The British move towards Philadelphia Battle of Brandywine Sept 11, 1777 Philadelphia occupied by British Sept 26, 1777 Battle of Germantown October

Turning Point – Saratoga Br Burgoyne surrenders to AM Gates October 1777 This gives the French confidence to declare alliance (takes many months to arrange)

K W L Yeah Baby! Know – what do you know about Valley Forge? What do you want, need, hafta learn about Valley Forge? What have you learnt about VF?

Winter Quarters at Valley Forge Baron von Steuben

12/19/1777 Am troops enter Valley Forge Squalid conditions, sparse food late February of Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin Stuebe aka Baron von Steuben “They entered a mob, they left as an army!” Battle at Monmouth, June 28, 1778 Winter Quarters at Valley Forge

The War Moves South Cornwallis captures Charles Town, SC, with 5500 Am soldiers, Gates retreats GW sends Greene to take command In NC, several battles stall the British, Cornwallis retreats to Yorktown

Yorktown, Set-up GW moves his northern army towards Yorktown coordinating with the French. A French Navy group from the Caribbean arrived to blockade Yorktown. 8,800 Americans, 7,800 French and 6,000 British

Yorktown October 9, 1781 the Siege Begins Cornwallis waited for reinforcements but they never came Oct 19, 1781 Cornwallis surrenders

The War Ends The Treaty of Paris is signed Sep. 3, 1783 Word reaches America October, 1783 Page 139, What were the points of the treaty?

New Boundaries of US of A Ceded by Great Britain in the Treaty of Paris 1783 Claimed by Spain Disputed Territory

George Washington November 2, 1783 GW says farewell to his Army Dec 23, 1783 GW resigns his commission to Congress in Annapolis King George asked Jefferson, " What will your General Washington do, now that he as won?". Jefferson replied, " Well, he will go back to his farm." to which the king quipped, "If he does that, he will be the greatest man in history." Dec. 24, 1783 GW walks in his front door as a private citizen and husband of Martha after being gone since April 1775

? ? What happens next?