The Body’s Transport System A Closer Look At Blood Vessels Blood and Lymph Cardiovascular Health Mixed Bag

What is the name of the group of heart cells that sends out muscle contraction signals? 100

pacemaker 100

What is a flap of tissue that prevents blood from flowing backwards? 200

valve 200

What are the three main functions of the cardiovascular system? 300

1.Delivering needed materials 2.Removing waste products 3.Fighting disease 300

How does the structure of the heart keep oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood from mixing? 400

A think wall called the septum is between the two ventricles. 400

What specific type of blood vessels take blood from the right ventricle to the lungs? Why type of blood is it carrying as it goes to the lungs? 500

pulmonary arteries oxygen poor 500

As blood moves away from the heart, does blood pressure usually increase or decrease? Why? 100

It decreases because the further the blood is from the pumping ventricles, the lower the force is. 100

200 What is the big difference between the structure (layers) of an artery and a vein?

They both have an inner layer of epithelial cells, a middle layer of smooth muscle, and an outer layer of connective tissue. The big difference is that arteries have a thicker layer of smooth muscle, thus making them thicker overall. 200

300 What is the name of the instrument used to measure blood pressure? (yes, the long one…)

300 sphygmomanometer

Explain the process of diffusion. Don’t forget to also tell where it happens. 400

Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. It occurs in the capillaries. 400

Name three ways that veins help continue to move blood onward back to the heart. 500

1.Contraction of skeletal muscles 2.Larger veins have valves 3.Breathing movements exert pressure against veins in the chest

If your lymph nodes enlarge, what does that indicate? 100

Your body is fighting an infection. 100

What are the four components of blood? 200

1.plasma 2.red blood cells 3.white blood cells 4.platelets 200

What type(s) of blood someone with type AB– can receive? 300

AB–, A–, B–, O– 300

Discuss what happens when you get cut. Be sure to use the terms platelets and fibrin. 400

Once cut, platelets collect and stick to the blood vessel. The platelets then release chemicals that start a series of reactions that produce a protein called fibrin. Fibrin weaves a net of tiny fibers across the cut. This net traps blood cells, thus forming a blood clot. 400

500 What is hemoglobin? What is its job?

500 It is an iron-containing protein that makes up most of the red blood cell. It’s job is to chemically combine with oxygen and carry it in the blood stream.

What is a heart attack? 100

A heart attack is when blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked. 100

What is the name of the condition where an artery wall thickens as a result of buildup of fatty materials? BONUS: spell it. 200

atherosclerosis 200

300 Give three examples of foods that should be avoided to help prevent atherosclerosis.

300 Red meats, eggs, cheeses, french fries, cream…

Hypertension is usually defined as what? (numerical answer) 400

Greater than

Medications that help to lower cholesterol target what cholesterol producing organ in the body and slow down its production? 500

liver 500

What’s the difference between the job of a ventricle and an atrium? 100

Ventricles forcefully pump blood to the body while atria receive and pump blood to the ventricles. 100

How does atherosclerosis affect blood pressure? 200

As arteries narrow, blood pressure increases. 200

What is lymph? How does it return to the cardiovascular system? 300

Lymph is fluid inside vessels of the lymphatic system and consists of water, dissolved materials, and some white blood cells. It returns to the cardiovascular system through veins in the chest. 300

What is the universal blood donor? What is the universal blood recipient? 400

Universal Donor: O– Universal Recipient: AB+ 400

Who is Karl Landsteiner? 500

Scientist who discovered the 4 types of blood and determined which can be mixed together safely. 500

FINAL JEOPARDY Pulse

You take your pulse for 4 seconds and count 7 heart beats. What is your beats per minute?

7 x 15 = 105 b.p.m.