The North The Agrarian South

With the growth of textile mills in the North, the demand for cotton grew rapidly. Long-staple cotton was easy to process. Unfortunately, most of the South grew short- staple cotton. Growth of the Cotton Industry

Problem: Picking seeds from cotton was difficult and time consuming. It could take a day to pull seeds from 1 pound of cotton. Solution: Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin – a machine that removed seeds from short-staple cotton. (“Gin” is short for engine.) Growth of the Cotton Industry

Impact of the Cotton Gin

With the Invention of the Cotton Gin Cotton was so profitable, southern farmers abandoned other crops in favor of cotton. By 1840, the U.S. was producing more than half of the cotton brown in the entire world. The success of cotton helped keep in place the institution of slavery in the South. The Cotton Boom

The Cotton Belt The area of high cotton production became known as the cotton belt. Farmers and agricultural scientists constantly looked for ways to improve the crop and soil chemistry. With crop rotation and stronger types of cotton, the industry grew through the 1860s. Congress made Importing slaves illegal in 1808 but the slave trade within the U.S. was thriving. The Cotton Belt

Southern Industry The South had industry as well. Many of the first factories in the South were built to serve farmers’ needs by processing crops such as sugarcane. Sawmill and cotton mills were built as well.

Not all white southern families lived on plantations and had many slaves. During the first half of the 1800s, only 1/3 had slaves. Even less had plantations. The plantation owners were the powerful, political leaders. Southern Society

Hierarchy of Southern Society Planters – wealthy plantation owners

Planters Grew crops and supervised laborers and slaves Wives were socialites who planned grand parties

Hierarchy of Southern Society Planters – wealthy plantation ownersYeoman – Small 100 acre farms, few slavesPoor Whites – Did odd jobs, fished, huntedFree African Americans – 250,000, discriminationSlaves – 4 million

Slaves Worked on plantations or farms Gang labor system = all field hands work on same task at the same time Worked all day – sickness and weather didn’t matter House slaves = cooks, nannies, or nurses.

Nat Turner’s Rebellion Did slaves every revolt? Yes. Nat Turner’s Rebellion was the most violent slave revolt in the U.S. In 1831, slave Nat Turner believed God told him to end slavery. He led a group of slaves to kill all slaveholders in a county in Virginia.

Nat Turner’s Rebellion They killed 60 whites and 100 slaves were killed in an attempt to end the rebellion. He ran for 6 weeks before he was caught and executed. Stricter coders were enforced on slaves as a result.

Nat Turner’s Rebellion