WATER SCARCITY AND GLOBAL HEALTH Presented by, R.Ramesh kannan Reg.no:

WATER SCARCITY 1.Water scarcity is either a shortage of water or the lack of access to safe water. 2. Water scarcity has detrimental effects on living things.

Annual Water Withdrawals (m 3 per capita) United States Canada China Japan India France Russia United Kingdom Norway New Zealand Argentina Mexico Egypt Israel Kenya Nigeria South Africa

Annual Renewable Water Resources (m 3 per capita) (m 3 per capita) 010,00020,00030,00040,00050,00060,00070,00080,00090,000100,000 United States Canada China Japan India France Russia United Kingdom Norway New Zealand Argentina Mexico Egypt Israel Kenya Nigeria South Africa

©IWMI, 2001 The threshold for ‘water stress’ is a per capita availability of 1700m 3 of water for annual consumption The threshold for ‘water stress’ is a per capita availability of 1700m 3 of water for annual consumption For water scarcity the threshold is 1000m 3 of water for annual consumption For water scarcity the threshold is 1000m 3 of water for annual consumption

FACTORS INFLUENCING WATER SCARCITY  Hydrologic Cycle  Population Growth  Poverty  Use Patterns  Contamination

 World population increased 300% in 20 th century and use of water increased 700%  Since 1950 the world population has doubled but water consumption has increased six-fold  Water use will increase 50% over 2005 level by 2035  Approximately 2M tons of human waste is released annually into rivers and streams around the globe.

IMPACTS ON GLOBAL HEALTH  About 1.8M people, mostly children, die annually from diarrhea and related diseases with many deaths preventable if water were not contaminated  The combination of safe drinking water, adequate sanitation and good hygiene can reduce the number of deaths caused by diarrhoeal diseases by an average of 65%  The simple act of washing hands with soap and water can reduce diarrhoeal diseases by over 40%

 Malnourished children are more vulnerable to disease, especially diarrhea, pneumonia, measles and malaria. These four diseases, plus malnutrition, account for seven out of ten childhood deaths in developing countries. For example in Zambia, one in five children dies before their fifth birthday.  A lack of water also means that children cannot wash often enough and suffer from diseases as a result. These include skin diseases like scabies and eye infections such as trachoma, the largest cause of preventable blindness in the developing world by regularly washing the face, hands, and eyes.

SOLUTIONS  The water sources like rivers, lakes should be Kept clean and safe.  The factory wastages should not mix with drinking water sources.  Planting more trees will increase the rainfall and will be perfect solution for this problem.  Each individuals having responsibility to avoid this bane in future.

THANK YOU