Do Now What is a population? What is a community? What is a species?

Objective SWBAT: Describe the purpose behind the biological nomenclature system

Classifying living things Chapter 4

Classifying living things Variety of life forms- classify them Goal of biological classification- give a universally accepted name to different types of organisms. – All over the world – same name

Biological species concept Species is a “type” of organism Species – populations of organisms that have common characteristics and can successfully bread with each other. – Biological species concept

Successful breeding Offspring produced are fertile and can themselves propagate the species. Example: Dogs- All the same species no matter how different they look

Reproductively isolated When two populations are unable to interbreed successfully, they are said to be reproductively isolated.

Biological Nomenclature Organisms are identified biologically by two name. Genus – Group of very similar species Species Binomeal Nomenclature – Carolus Linnaeus

Binomial Nomenclature Latin was the language of scholars Today latin and greek are still used for scientific names Always underlined or italicized First letter of the Genus is capitalized NOT the species

Binomial Nomenclature Whales Balaenoptera – is a genus of several related species of whales

Balaenoptera musculus

Balaenoptera physalus

Balaenoptera acutorostra

Common Names Why don’t we just use common names? Not precise – Spiny lobster: applied to many different species that are not all the same genus Different languages

Phylogenetics Related- Share a common evolutionary history Evolved from a common ancestral species The study of evolutionary relationships is – Phylogenetics

Problems with phylogenetics Few groups have good fossil records Classification schemes change and new arguments arise as fresh information becomes available

How it works Genera with similar phylogenies can be grouped together into a larger group – family This process continues to sort organisms into larger groups – Taxa All members of a taxon have certain common characteristics – Share common ancestry

Tree of Life Used to be either plant or animal Now we have 5 kingdoms – Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Monera The prokaryotes (Monera) split – Bacteria and Archaea

Tree of life D K P C O F G S

Phylogenetic Trees Show the relationship between organisms. Evolutionary history

Constructing a phylogenetic tree

Practice

Exit Ticket What is the proper way to write a scientific name? What are the three domains? Fill in the blanks: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, ______, ________,________,_________