1.6: Organization of the Human Body Cranial cavity Cranial cavity Vertebral canal Vertebral canal Right pleural cavity Mediastinum Thoracic cavity Thoracic cavity Left pleural cavity Pericardial cavity Diaphragm Diaphragm Abdominal cavity Abdominal cavity Abdominopelvic cavity Pelvic cavity Pelvic cavity (b) (a)
Thoracic & Abdominal Serous Membranes Visceral layer – covers an organ Parietal layer – lines a cavity or body wall Thoracic Membranes Visceral pleura Parietal pleura Visceral pericardium Parietal pericardium Abdominopelvic Membranes Parietal peritoneum Visceral peritoneum Parietal perineum Visceral perineum
Serous Membranes Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
1.7: Lifespan Changes Aging occurs from the microscopic level to the whole-body level. Can you think of some examples?
1.8: Anatomical Terminology Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Anatomical Position – standing erect, facing forward, upper limbs at the sides, palms facing forward and thumbs out Integumentary system
Anatomical Terminology: Orientation and Directional Terms Terms of Relative Position (based on anatomical position): Superior versus Inferior (Cranial vs. Caudal) Anterior versus Posterior (Ventral vs. Dorsal) Medial versus Lateral Ipsi-lateral versus Contra-lateral Proximal versus Distal Superficial versus Deep Internal versus External
Body Sections or Planes Sagittal or Median – divides body into left and right portions Mid-sagittal – divides body into equal left and right portions Transverse or Horizontal – divides body into superior and inferior portions Coronal or Frontal – divides body into anterior and posterior portions
Body Sections NEW FIGURE 12.1 A section along the median plane (midsagittal) plane Parasagittal plane Transverse (horizontal) plane A section along the median plane NEW FIGURE 12.1 A section along a transverse plane Frontal (coronal) plane A section along a frontal plane
Body Sections (a) (b) (c)
Other Body Sections Oblique section Cross-section (a) (b) (c) Longitudinal section (a) (b) (c)
Abdominal Subdivisions Right hypochondriac region Left hypochondriac region Epigastric region Right upper quadrant (RUQ) Left upper quadrant (LUQ) Right lumbar region Left lumbar region Umbilical region Right lower quadrant (RLQ) Left lower quadrant (LLQ) Right iliac region Left iliac region Hypogastric region
Body Regions Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Cephalic (head) Frontal (forehead) Otic (ear) Orbital (eye cavity) Nasal (nose) Occipital (back of head) Oral (mouth) Buccal (cheek) Cervical (neck) Mental (chin) Acromial (point of shoulder) Sternal Acromial (point of shoulder) Pectoral (chest) Axillary (armpit) Vertebral (spinal column) Mammary (breast) Brachial (arm) Brachial (arm) Dorsum (back) Umbilical (navel) Antecubital (front of elbow) Cubital (elbow) Abdominal (abdomen) Inguinal (groin) Lumbar (lower back) Antebrachial (forearm) Sacral (between hips) Coxal (hip) Gluteal (buttocks) Carpal (wrist) Perineal Palmar (palm) Digital (finger) Femoral (thigh) Genital (reproductive organs) Patellar (front of knee) Popliteal (back of knee) Sural (calf) Crural (leg) T arsal (instep) Pedal (foot) Digital (toe) Plantar (sole) (a) (b)