FLAR project S.L. Yakovenko JINR, Dubna,Russia

2 Contents 1.FlAIR project 2.AD facility at CERN 3.Antyhydrogen and Positronium in-flight at FLAIR 4.LEPTA facility 5.Experimental program

1.FlAIR project 3

1.FLAIR project (Contnd) FLAIR - Facility for Low-energy Antiproton and Ion Research 4 L

5 1.FLAIR project (Contnd) LSR- CRYRING

6 2.AD facility at CERN Antiproton Decelerator (AD)Antiproton Decelerator (AD) typically supplies experiments with million antiprotons with an energy of about 5 MeV in shots lasting approximately 200 ns every 100 s

7 The Antiproton Catching Trap 2.AD facility at CERN

8 The positron accumulator (ATHENA – ALFA experiment ) 2.AD facility at CERN

9 The ATHENA Mixing Trap 2.AD facility at CERN

10 The ATHENA Detector 2.AD facility at CERN

11 The ALPHA apparatus 2.AD facility at CERN

12 3. Antyhydrogen and Positronium in-flight at FLAIR

13 o-Ps PCSR 3. Antyhydrogen and Positronium in-flight at FLAIR (Contnd)

General Parameters of the PCSR Antyhydrogen and Positronium in-flight at FLAIR (Contnd)

15 septum kicker cooling section Ps detector positron trap 4. LEPTA Facility 22 Na  10E6 e + per sec 10 6  100sec=10 8 e + 10E4 Ps per sec e-gun collector Helical quadrupole O-Ps

16 Project Parameters of The LEPTA Circumference, m Positron energy, keV 2  10.0 Revolution time, ns300 Longitudinal magnetic field, G400 Average radius of the toroidal magnets, m1.45 Helical quadrupole gradient, G/cm10.0 Positron beam radius, cm0.5 Number of positrons in the ring 1  10 8 Residual gas pressure, Тоrr  1  10  Positronium beam parameters Intensity, atom/s 1  10  Angular spread, mrad1 Velocity spread 1  10  4 Beam diameter at the exit of the ring, cm LEPTA Facility (Contnd)

17 First beam circulation Signals from vertical PU electrodes 10 September, 2004 Helical quadrupole off 0.5 μs/div Helical quadrupole on 1.0 μs/div 4. LEPTA Facility (Contnd)

18 Tracing the ring with pencil beam (September - October 2007) Electron gun October 5, LEPTA Facility (Contnd)

19 1-positron source 22 Na, 2-radioactive protection shield, 3-vacuum valve, 4- vacuum chamber for pumping out and diagnostic tools, 5-positron trap, 6 – vacuum isolator, 7 – positron vacuum channel, 8 – vacuum “shutter” (fast valve), 9 - ion pump, 10-turbopump, 11 –LHe vessel The Positron Injector LEPTA entrance 4. LEPTA Facility (Contnd)

20 Design parameters of the positron injector Length, m6,2 Positron injection energy, keV10.0 Longitudinal magnetic field, G400 Longitudinal magnetic field in the trap, G1500 Residual gas pressure, Tor 1  10  9 Beam radius, cm0.5 Accumulation time, s100 Injection pulse duration, ns300 Number of positrons in injection pulse 1  10 8 Positron momentum spread 1  LEPTA Facility (Contnd)

The Cryogenic Moderator of Positrons 22 Na Ne e+e+ T ~ 5 K 0.8 MBq e+e+ e+e+ 4. LEPTA Facility (Contnd)

22 The Cryogenic Positron Source 4. LEPTA Facility (Contnd)

23 Slow Positron Flux Formation – First slow positron has been registered. April moderator parameters optimization The positron spectrum at the e + flux of 5.3*10 3 positrons per sec of the average energy of 1.2 eV at the width of 1 eV was obtained. The moderator efficiency is 1 %. Slow Positron Yield vs Frozen Neon Thickness d, mcm N counts /sec 130мкм 90мкм 50мкм 30мкм E pos, eV Slow Positron Spectrum vs Frozen Neon Thickness dN/dE 4. LEPTA Facility (Contnd)

24 IIIIIIIV VVIIVI Pressure, Torr N2 N2 N 2 е “Surko Trap” Area 1 Area 2 Area 3 eUeU z 4. LEPTA Facility (Contnd)

25 e-e I III II IV V VI VIIVIII -100  eV Electron storage studies V V LEPTA Facility (Contnd)

26 Rotating Electric Field Method Phase filter B -U(x) (а) (b)(b) (c)(c) Generator One electrode is placed under combined alternative + permanent potentials (Fig.a, b, c). 4. LEPTA Facility (Contnd)

27 Rotating Electric Field Method (Contnd) Stored electron number vs time Aligniment of the axie of longitudinal magnetic and electric fields has been made Same + rotating field is ON and optimized Pressure distribution and potential are optimized Optimal f rotating = 650 kHz, Amplitude = 1 V, ε = 0.4,  life = 25 s April, 2007  life = 80 s, (N e ) max = 2  LEPTA Facility (Contnd)

28 Experiments with Positrons and Positronium in flight at LEPTA 1.“Atomic” physics: e+e- recombination with positronium formation 2. QED test in measurement of para-Positronium (p-Ps) life time 3. Test of CPT theorem, CP and P conservation: 3.1. Rare and forbidden decay channels of o-Ps 3.2. Rare and forbidden decay channels of p-Ps 3.3. Search for circularly polarized photons in p-Ps =>   3.4. Measurement of the electron and positron charge difference upper limit 4. QED test in Ps spectroscopy 4.1. Hyperfine structure of Ps ground state 4.2. Spectroscopy of excited states, Lamb shift 5. Search for the Axion 6. o-Ps life time and the hypothesis of “The Mirror Universe" 7. Antihydrogen generation in-flight 8. o-Ps in solid state physics 9. Condensed matter physics research at the LEPTA positron injector 10. Particle beam physics and accelerator technology 7. Antihydrogen generation in-flight 5. Search for the Axion 6. o-Ps life time and the hypothesis of “The Mirror Universe" 4. LEPTA Facility (Contnd)

29 The positron spectrum at the e + flux of 1.5*10 5 positrons per sec of the average energy of 3 eV was obtained in the first experiments New positron source activity of 25 mCi for LEPTA facility is under testing Year LEPTA Facility (Contnd)

Precision spectroscopy of antiprotonic atoms and antihydrogen for tests of fundamental interactions and symmetries (especially CPT) Interaction of Antimatter with Matter Nuclear and Particle Physics with Antiprotons 30 5.Experiment Research Program

31 Thank you for your attention! - The FLAIR facility will drastically improve the conditions for the low energy antiproton research. First of all the beam intensity will be increased by about two orders of magnitude and the lower energy available allows a much more efficient use of the antiprotons compared to the AD operation. - In-flight generation of antihydrogen might give rise to a number of very interesting experiments with relatively large number of antihydrogen particles. In particular the investigation of matter - antimatter reactions would become directly accessible in an interesting energy regime without the need of prior trapping of the particles. 6. Conclusion