The 6 Kingdoms of Life

The grouping of organisms into Kingdoms is based on three factors: 1.Cell Type 2.Cell Number 3.Feeding Type

1. Cell Type: There are two types of cells _____________________ They differ because of the presence or absence of cellular structures

Prokaryotic Cells HAVE: DNA (in the form of a naked loop) Ribosomes Cytoplasm Cell membrane Ex. bacterial cell

Prokaryotic Cells DO NOT HAVE: A membrane-bound nucleus Any membrane- bound organelles

Eukaryotic Cells HAVE Membrane-bound nucleus DNA (wrapped into chromosomes) Membrane-bound organelles Cytoplasm ribosomes (ex. animal cell)

With your partner... ProkaryotesEukaryotes

2. Cell Number Organisms can be either: ________________________ (Composed of only one cell) Or ___________________________ (Composed of many cells) Ex. paramecium Ex. elephant

3. Feeding Type Organisms can be of the type that: Makes its own food, known as an ______________________(producer) Or Consumes other organisms to survive ______________________(consumer)

Originally Linneus created two Kingdoms: Plantae Animalia We now need 6 Kingdoms to adequately classify life.

Eubacteria (also known as Monera) Achaebacteria (or Archea) Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia. The 6 Kingdoms of Life ____________ Eukaryotes ______________________ Prokaryotes

Archaea Prokaryotes Always unicellular Autotrophs Adapted to unusual and/or extreme conditions, such as very hot, very salty or anaerobic (no-oxygen) environments Many are found in sulfur ponds and deep sea vents

Eubacteria (Monera) Bacteria Prokaryotes Some autotrophs, some heterotrophs Always unicellular May have plant, fungal or animal characteristics, but lack organelles, including chloroplast Reproduce by binary fission.

Protista Eukaryotes Mostly unicellular Can be both autotrophs and heterotrophs May have plant, fungal or animal characteristics Some may have chloroplasts Can divide into categories of animal- like, plant-like and fungus-like protists.

Protista (The Garbage Pile) Slime molds phytoplankton algae

Other Helpful and Harmful Protists Helpful: ex. diatomaceous earth from diatoms Harmful: ex. red tide from dinoflagellates

Some protists (sporozoans) can cause diseases such as: Amebic dysentery (Diarrhea, vomiting) Giardiasis (beaver fever) (Diarrhea, vomiting) African sleeping sickness (Uncontrolled sleepiness) Malaria (fever, chills, death)

Fungi Eukaryotes Almost all multicellular (can be unicellular) Most obtain complex food molecules from external source, absorbed through external surface (Heterotrophic) Almost never capable of movement Build cell walls that don’t contain cellulose They have many nucleii but do not always have complete cell walls between them.

Fungi are extremely important By breaking down dead organic material, they continue the cycle of nutrients through ecosystems. For food (ex. mushrooms, bread, beer, cheese) Many antibacterial drugs are derived from fungi Ex. Penicillin

Plantae Eukaryotes Multicellular Have cell walls with cellulose Autotrophic (perform photosynthesis using chlorophyll) Includes flowering plants, mosses, and ferns.

Animalia Eukaryotes Multicellular Most obtain complex food molecules from external source, broken down and absorbed internally (heterotrophs) Usually capable of movement Incredibly diverse.